What is a child Essay -- essays research papers

What is a Child? Discuss how a scientific, a social constructionist and an employ approach attempt to answer this indecision.This act will attempt to converse how sociologists have attempted to answer the question. Childhood is viewed differently, depending on the country being considered, the period of time being studied or a personal viewpoint. According to the UN convention, a child is anybody under the age of eighteen. Several studies have been undertaken by sociologists to examine childhood. This essay will attempt to talk about three major approaches 1) a scientific approach tries to study this objectively by observation and experimentation to prove a system. This essay will discuss Kohlbergs opening of Moral development. It will non include Piagets theory as Kohlbergs theory used Paigets theory as a building block to his theory. 2) A social constructionist approach studies this by exploring social and cultural beliefs. The two discourses are the Romantic and Puritan d iscourses. 3) And an applied approach draws on both the scientific and social constructionist theories and uses the studies to understand the practicalities of Childrens rights through law, policies, and professional practices and the children themselves. The models used are the justice and the welfare model.The Scientific theory researches and endeavours to establish objective facts by using experimentation and observation. It follows mainly three stages of activities, 1) forming a concept that explains the facets of child development. 2) Formulates predictions from these concepts and then finally 3) tests these predictions through research, explanation and assessments. cardinal such scientist was Kohlberg and his theory of Moral development. Kohlberg based his ideas on Piagets theory of cognitive development. He categorised these into three main levels with two stages at individually level. PRE customary 1.Punishment obedience When you do wrong you are punished and when you ob ey you are rewarded 2.Self-gratification Doing good or bad is to do with satisfying your requirements CONVENTIONAL 1.Interpersonal concordance - being good is about being loyal to people who love and care for you. 2.Law and ... ...es offer insight into the complex question of what is a child? But no single approach can be used independently into answering the question. Although the first two studies are colligate and use research, theory and studies of growing, development, and socio-economic status and culture, the third is not a distinctive academic method. Where the Scientific approach endeavours to give simplicity and direction to professionals, the Social Constructionist tries not to reduce childhood simply to stages of development and the applied uses the both the above approaches to tackle the reality of childhood. The question itself means diverse things to different people masculine and female. The answer can be distinct depending on the society, cultural background, tr aditional beliefs and the various points in history.Word Score 1378 wordsReferencesOpen University Book 1 Childhood, Woolfolk, A. E. (1993). Educational Psychology. Needham Heights, MA Allyn & Bacon.Gillian, C. (1982) In a different Voice Psychology Theory and Womens Development, Cambridge (Mass), Harvard University Press.Asquith, S (1996) When Children kill children the search for justice, Childhood,3(1) pp.99-116

William Wallace :: essays research papers

William Wallace, one of Scotlands greatest national heroes to ever live, had had enough of King Edward I (Longshanks), king of Englands rule oer Scotland. The patriotic sparing outlaw organized a rebellion to stand up to Edwards rule. Wallace became a hero among the Scots but was considered a traitor by the English. Ultimately Scotland did win its freedom, but Wallaces own campaign was a failure. The main reasons for the failure of William Wallaces military campaign are The lack of leadership on the Scottish side, the lack of cooperation among the Scottish nobles, and the fact that the Scots were greatly outnumbered, poorly trained and poorly armed. The first point that will be discussed is the lack of Scottish leadership. It would be impossible for any army to have many, if any, victories when there is no true leader to stand up and lead. Scotlands king, Alexander III, had, died after riding off a cliff during a wild storm.1 There was no heir to the Scottish throne because King Al exander III had outlived all of his children.2 Without a king, Scotland was pretty much lost. They had no direction as to what to do or when to do it. Without a king, the next in line to rule would have been the nobles. The problem with the nobles is that they were all as well as stubborn and proud to be ordered around by anyone, or cooperate with any of the other nobles. They would fight in their own good cartridge clip and wherever they saw fit, but they would accept orders from no one.3 It was bad enough that Scotland had no king but the defiance by the nobles to lend Wallace aid did non help Wallaces campaign at all. The little leadership the Scottish rebels had was not enough. William Wallace is said to have been an excellent fighter. Unmatched in strength, speed, stamina or skill with a claymore, but despite his ability to fight, he was very inexperienced in commanding an army. The only thing he had ever led was a handful of loyal rebels on raids. The Scottish spirits wer e high but their courage was not enough to overcome the lack of organization.4 Thomas B. Costain says, The best contend force in the world would be helpless if it lacked authority behind it to supply arms and food and scouting facilities to keep an eye on enemy movements.

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

Millions of American women struggle with eating disorders. An eating disorder is a disturbance in eating behavior. Most people associate eating disorders with anorexia nervosa, "active self-starvation or sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins" (Coon 133), or binge-eating syndrome nervosa, "excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/ or taking laxatives (Coon 411). They need to purge their bodies of calories in any way possible, so they may alike use diuretics or even exercise compulsively. Their body images are severely distorted. Theyre the most talked about and the best studied eating disorders, and researchers estimate that nearly septenary million women in the get together States suffer from either anorexia or bulimia. But theres a newly recognized condition k at a timen as binge-eating disorder that is now considered the most common eating disorder. In the U.S. population, it has a frequency of about one to four ou t of ein truth one hundred people.Although eating disorders refine women much more often than they do men, it is estimated that about one million American men suffer from either anorexia or bulimia, and millions more select binge-eating disorder. ingest disorders are much more prevalent in industrialized countries. According to the American psychiatric Association, eating disorders are most common in the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and South Africa.     Americans today live in a fat-phobic society where, from a very early age, girls are raised to think that thin is better. The historied writer and theater critic Dorothy Parker once said, "no woman can be too rich or too thin," words that quickly became a catchphrase still used today. Many of us grow up learning to associate fat with ugliness and failure. Advertisements bombard us with thinner-than-normal models. Most scarper America contestants and fashion supermodels are more than fifteen percent below the expected weight for their height and age, a criterion for anorexia according to the American Psychiatric Association (Breen). It is not surprising to hear reports of healthy, children of normal weight who are concerned about their diet and afraid of becoming too fat, and of an increasing proceeds of girls who havent yet reached puberty who are showing signs of... ...ill take care of it for them. Their mindset needs to bechanged, so by taking these burdens off of their shoulders, they will have less to worry about and more time to concentrate on getting well. This whole process is very difficult and very time consume but well worth it in the end. These victims are probably the most caring and selfless of anyone, and they need to realize this point. So in helping them do so, you need to show them how many people are there for them and how many people care them and want them to get better. Basically, the good feelings are going to tense up t o overpower the negative mind, making it mute.      In conclusion, eating disorders are treatable through proper care and therapy. It is not something to take lightly and needs to be tough as soon as possible. Thoughthese disorders can be treated they will never be completely cured they are more down the stairs control than anything. So just because a person may start to eat more does not mean that everything is over and should be forgotten. Right from the very beginning when it is firstnoticed that there is a problem, professional help should be sought out.

Background of the Kashmir Conflict Essay -- Pandits and Muslims in Kas

Describe the condition of Pandits and Muslims in Kashmir before the Treaty of Amritsar and the changes that took place after the Treaty was implemented. In what ways have forces external to Kashmir contributed to the contrast in the region during the colonial and post-colonial periods? The argument can be sustained that external forces have significantly contributed to Kashmir conflict for hundreds of years, within which the post-Treaty of Amritsar period is a comparatively small potion. From the rise of the Islamist tyrant to the Kashmir throne in 1349, the region has been locked in various, seemingly indeterminate conflicts where the regional political players may change, but underlying, fundamental and incongruous religious tension is the single unifying historical thread (Zutshi, 2004). The Pandits and Muslim interplays both prior and post Treaty are explored against this backdrop. Given the long Kashmir previous(prenominal) has marked the region as a place where conflict is the norm, there is no surprise that the Kashmir continues to be a lightning rod for the entire region. It is the proposition that contributes to the psychometric test of how external forces have exerted significant, and largely negative influences over the Kashmir to the present day.1.Pandits and Muslims The Pandits are the inheritors of the most ancient Hindu Brahmin traditions. The Pandits recognize the vedas, ancient Sanskrit sources of Hindu wisdom, as their core religious authority (Bose,1997). There is little wonder at why the Pandits and Muslim people might be natural antagonists. Each confidence believes its followers to be part of a true world religion, where the message is eternal and sustaining. Where Islam professes its rigid adherence to All... ...ontline Account of Life, Love, and War in His Homeland. naked as a jaybird York Scribner Bose, Sumantra. (2005). Kashmir grow of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University PressSavarkar, V D (2009) Hindu. H indu Nationalism A reader, Christophe Jaffrelot, ed. Princeton University PressSingh, Sadu. (1946). The Sikhs demand their Homeland. Lahore Singh, Gurharpal (2000). Ethnic Conflict in India A Case-Study of Punjab. Houndmills Macmillan PressTariq Ali, et. al.(2011). Kashmir The Case for Freedom, New York VersoUN Special Rappaorteur (2013). (A/HRC/23/47/Add.1 of 26 April 2013). Online Available accessed 5 May 2014Zutshi, Chitralekha. (2004). Languages of Belonging Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir. New York Oxford University Press

Hieroglyphic Writing :: essays research papers

Right from the beginning the deciphering of the mysterious Egyptian writing fascinated everybody. In 1799 a certain Captain Bouc life-threatening of the French host was supervising work on the fortifications of Fort St. Julian, situated a little more than four kilometers outside the town of Rosetta when hi workmen discovered a precious stone which was destined to achieve great fame in archaeological history. It was in fact the Rosetta Stone which led to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs. As a result of the fortunes of war this precious stone fell into the hands of the British who gave it a place of honor in the British Museum. On one face of the stone, a tablet of extremely hard black basalt, there is a long trilingual inscription the three texts begin written one above other. The first of the inscriptions, 14 lines long, is written in hieroglyphs. The second, 32 lines long, is written in demotic, from the Greek word demos meaning people, which refers to a type of script used by ordinary people. The third inscription, 54 lines long, is in Greek and hence was comprehensible. This latter text, translated without difficulty, proved to be a priestly decree in honor of Ptolemy Epiphanes which finishes with a formal instruction that this decree, engraved on a tablet of hard stone, in three scripts, hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek, shall be engraved in each of the great temples of Egypt.The honor of deciphering the hieroglyphs fell to two scholars, the Englishman doubting Thomas Young and the Frenchman Francois Champollion who started work on it almost the same time and who were to see their efforts crowned by success. What Young achieved by instinct Champollion achieved by scientific method acting and with such success that by his death in 1832 he could leave behind him a grammar and a very substantial dictionary of ancient Egyptian. and what did this writing that the Greeks called hieroglyphic, from hiero glyphica that is sacred signs actually consist of? The ancient Egyptians themselves called their written texts the words of the divinitys. In fact according to tradition men were taught to write by the god Thot himself during the reign of Osiris. Down through the centuries the writing retained a sacred character and more or less magical powers.

Hieroglyphic Writing :: essays research papers

Right from the beginning the deciphering of the mysterious Egyptian writing fascinated everybody. In 1799 a certain skipper Bouchard of the French Army was supervising work on the fortifications of Fort St. Julian, situated a little more than four kilometers outside the town of Rosetta when hi workmen detect a stone which was destined to achieve great fame in archaeological history. It was in fact the Rosetta Stone which led to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs. As a result of the fortunes of struggle this precious stone cancel into the hands of the British who gave it a place of honor in the British Museum. On one face of the stone, a tabloid of extremely hard black basalt, there is a long trilingual inscription the three texts begin written one above other. The first of the inscriptions, 14 lines long, is written in hieroglyphs. The second, 32 lines long, is written in demotic, from the Greek word demos meaning people, which refers to a type of script used by ordinary people . The trinity inscription, 54 lines long, is in Greek and hence was comprehensible. This latter text, translated without difficulty, proved to be a priestly decree in honor of Ptolemy Epiphanes which finishes with a formal discipline that this decree, engraved on a tablet of hard stone, in three scripts, hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek, shall be engraved in each of the great temples of Egypt.The honor of deciphering the hieroglyphs fell to two scholars, the Englishman Thomas Young and the Frenchman Francois Champollion who started work on it almost the same time and who were to see their efforts crowned by success. What Young achieved by instinct Champollion achieved by scientific method and with such success that by his death in 1832 he could leave behind him a grammar and a very substantial vocabulary of ancient Egyptian. But what did this writing that the Greeks called hieroglyphic, from hiero glyphica that is sacred signs actually consist of? The ancient Egyptians themselves called their written texts the words of the gods. In fact according to tradition men were taught to preserve by the god Thot himself during the reign of Osiris. Down through the centuries the writing retained a sacred character and more or less magical powers.

Learning Styles Inventory Essay

Taking the schooling Styles Inventory Test was an insightful, informational, and introspective experience as a whole. It measures septenary areas of standards or measure that clearly define an individuals airal approach on scholarship the visual, social, physical, aural, verbal, solitary, and logical scholarship styles. Each question deep down the scrutiny inquires ab turn up an individuals leaning or inclination to harboring the outcomes of tuition from to each i means or scenario indicated.The questions provide a skill locating where one will determine how he identifies with it, and ones identification with each specific scenario determines how one learns through various situations. Putting oneself within each scenario allows one to review or evaluate ones motivations in learning in order to understand clearly how ones behavior and learning environment would and should be altered to facilitate greater learning. The result of the Learning Styles Inventory Test clearly in dicates my personality or takes on the learning situation.Out of the seven learning styles, the Memletic Learning Styles Graph, as shown below, depicts that I am more inclined to learn effectively when I utilize my physical functions. The range for each of the learning styles was remote that the bodily-kinesthetic learning style (18 points) stands out among the seven. (Learning Styles Inventory Results Page, 2007) This piece of information I find true as I do tend to want or need to manipulate or experiencing things in order to learn or realize the structures or dimensions of objects, concepts, occurrences, and such.(The Physical (Bodily-Kinesthetic) Learning Style, 2007) Therefore, the result from the test did not surprise me at all. Next to the physical learning style, the aural learning style (15 points) follows as the second dominant one that applies to me. This is yet another factual information because I do find myself enjoying the learning experience when I work with music or sounds in the background. (The aural (Auditory-Musical-Rhythmic) Learning Style, 2007) Music, as fortune of the learning environment, sets the mood or rhythm that motivates me to carry on and finish, not to mention enjoy, what I am doing.On the contrary, the to the lowest degree learning styles that I can identify my learning behaviors with is the verbal learning style (11 points), also including the visual, social, and solitary learning styles (12 points each). This means that I am not motivated enough to learn by reading or writing, looking at or watching visuals, socializing with other people, and even keeping to myself. The results of the test suggest that my strengths lie in my motivations and capabilities to do, or to become more productive by being actively involved during the learning experience.However, it might be tricky to become motivated within the learning environment as learning media such as visuals, written texts, the dish outes of socialization and independe nt learning are part of learning strategies or approaches being utilized in most cases. Moreover, the learning environment is balanced, such that it fosters various methods or approaches in learning and my unbalanced learning styles suggest that I will not be able to keep up with the learning environment.Perhaps the most logical thing to do at this point is to try to even out or balance the learning styles that I should be accustomed to in order to draw out the advantages from it whenever the learning environment or situation calls for it. If it remains to be unbalanced, like my test results indicate, inflexibility will not facilitate learning but hinder the process of acquiring knowledge and skills as learning environments vary every time.Accomplishing this goal means that I would have to expose myself to varying learning situations, and understand the immenseness of each one in order to balance out my learning inclinations for the seven learning styles indicated. With this in min d, as the realization of the need to balance out these learning styles I have come to realize, I believe that taking the test allows one to understand the importance of being exposed to various learning situations and experiences which fosters creativity, flexibility, and competence in the workplace.ReferencesLearning Styles Inventory Results Page. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/inventory/results. asp The Aural (Auditory-Musical-Rhythmic) Learning Style. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/style/aural-auditory-musical/ The Physical (Bodily-Kinesthetic) Learning Style. (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2008, from Advanogy. com. Website http//www. learning-styles-online. com/style/physical-bodily-kinesthetic/

Leadership Task

Analysis of my own leaders skills is a difficult task, and requires me to address my own lead attitudes and behavior as well as my say-sos and weaknesss. As I shit learned in my readings about the various types of leadership styles I would say that my style of leadership is to a greater extent off Participative approach. In my work I run a small department of five and to accomplish tasks I must work side by side with my staff. We all are active participants, solely outcomes and production is ultimately my responsibility.I like to think that my team is an accumulative effort and by encouraging separately person to come up with ideas and to share their opinions is our recipe for success. I have created a host atmosphere that has been productive and consistent over the last 2 years. More importantly in my absence my team functions just an efficiently as if I were present. Much like how I run my office is how I run my family. We too are a group of five and as the kids have gotten older they too have become an active participant in goal achievements. I see a lot of similar traits of how I run my office to how I run my home.It is a collaborative effort. One of my strength s a leader would be my communication skill. I unendingly try to take the sequence to listen. I feel that hearing what my employees say is polar in leading them. Our full treatmentpace is setup in a circle where we all work together. I could have adept of the large offices one floor up, but instead of pickings an office away from them Im right in the trenches with them. I want them to know that I am always available for them. It is not always easy but by eliminating distractions and focusing my attention on my employees needs, demonstrates to them that I am listening.Another strength that I practice is Leading by Example. I am the first person in the office every morning, and the last person to leave every night. I want them to know that I am present and available to them whenever they ne ed me. I do not take 2-hour lunches, play computer games, or sleep at my desk. When a new jump out comes along I am the first person to take an set apartment and my assignments are ALWAYS completed on time. I practice what I deport from them, and always try to lead by example. For a complete self-analysis of my leadership skill I must also address my weakness.For one some(prenominal) people have old me that I am too nice. Part because of my character and part because I think people are happier working for a manager that they get along with. But because of this trait I may sometimes come off as a pushover and people stub be tempted to try to take advantage of our relationship. It is sometimes difficult to find the balance between being a friend and being a boss. I slew be tough when necessary and I am working on setting better boundaries with my employees. Another weakness I have is taking on too much myself and not delegating. Some tasks I feel no-one can do as well as I can. For example we have this one large report on a shared drive that needs to be updated on a regular basis, my team provides me all the numbers, and I enter all the numbers. I think to myself that I must be the most handsomely paid data entry person in the world. This is nevertheless one example of my lack of delegating skills. This weakness can sometimes create a bottleneck of work for me whereas I should be spending my time on more pressing matters. Additional it demonstrates lack of confidence and fails to develop my team into future leaders. I have been in a position upgrade were a disaster. I had a high turnover rate and a low production rate.I would say that early in my position I employ an autocratic approach that Just did not work for me. These types of leaders keep close supervision of employees and have a purely professional relationship with their staff. They take form decisions on their own without input from others. They dictate the who, how and when of work assignment s. When I think about Autocratic leadership I equate that too micro- manager. When it was me, I played out more time watching them then working on my own assignments. Not very productive and it was too stressful for me. Another type of leadership style is the delegated.As previously stated this would be very difficult for me to be. This leader assigns work and leaves an employee to their own talents and resources to complete tasks. The employee can come and go as they beseech as long as assignments or tasks are completed and turned in on time. Because outcomes are my responsibility I need to be relate in tasks, I need to know that things are on schedule and getting done. By being an active participant helps me to reduce my stress and be more in control. By having a better understand of different types of dervish styles helps me to be a more productive leader in a pas de deux different ways.By taking away qualities from other styles of leadership help me to become a better- rounded leader. First it reminds me how I use to feel earlier in my position. I was stressed out, tense, abrupt, and totally ineffective. I realize that the autocratic style of leadership definitely has its place and may be effective for others however it is not the approach that works for me. I am much happier by having a relationship with my employee. I feel it is important to connect personally with those that you spend 40 lust hours every week with. I like to work with people and not have people work for me.Different leadership styles can cause interlockings in the workplace. For example a problem that can arise in the work place could be a personality conflict. An example of this is when new management comes on board and different personalities and leadership styles are introduced. Change is never easy establish if it is thrust upon you. Another conflict that can occur is often overdue to emotion and perceptions about somebody elses intentions. This can occur for example when a lead er sho put ong favoritism for one employee over another. One of the worst things you can do to lose the respect of your subordinates by not being fair.Respect is paramount to achieve success. There are a couple of ways to overcome personality conflicts in the workplace. For one is to take the time to get to know your employees. By getting to know them, you are letting them get to know you. It is a win, win situation. Another way to avoid conflict especially if you are a new manager coming into a situation is by being pee about the direction and modifys you have planned. Honesty and immunization are key to conflict resolution. An always remember the best way to prevent personality conflict in the workplace, is to not take things personally.It is Just business, not personal. Fairness is of the utmost importance when dealing with teams. Favoritism has no place at work and if a manager demonstrates that they will not have the trust of their employees. Trust is a major issue, and to bu ild trust you must be impeccable with your word. By once again communicating clearly goals and objectives and being consistent with your follow through is a good start to build trust. But if it needs to be said, Ill say it, dont demonstrate any favoritism It will be detrimental to the success of a team and all should be treated equally.Although we are all different, there are potential advantages that may be created between different leadership styles. An effective manager will recognize when to use which leadership style in vagabond to produce results. An autocratic leader makes it own decisions without any input from others and this could be beneficial when a new direction or a drastic change is necessary. When timing is crucial and decisions need to be made this leadership style has its advantages. A delegating approach to leadership is the polar opposite and will assign task, provide necessary resources, and guidance, but backs off and let the team work at their own pace.This style would be advantageous if you work with a group that is highly effective, experienced, and motivated. Then there is the participative approach to leadership that is somewhere in the middle of autocratic and delegating styles. This leader is very hands on and works with the team by building morale and most effective if demodulating is an issue. By empowering them to be part of the decision making recesses the employee feels important and can motivate them to go above and beyond what is expected of them.To increase productivity you can capitalize on the different styles of leadership based on the individual situations. If you are in a position where decisions have to be made quickly, use the autocratic style of leadership. This style of leadership can also be a eudaemonia if your work is particularly stressful. This can allow a person to concentrate on doing their Job and not worry about making decision. Utilizing a delegating approach allows a leader to capitalize n individual employees strength and talents to increase productivity.This style allows for flexibility and better collaboration. In a participative style of leadership this encourages employees to share or participate in the decision making process. Which gives the employee a vested interest in their work and can benefit productivity. Rather than sticking to one type of leadership approach evaluate the circumstances and adjust your style. The best leaders can adjust their thinking to how it is most beneficial at different times, remembering that productivity depends on effective leadership.

Gatsby Automobile Essay Essay

There are m any different themes, images, and symbols in Francis Scott Key Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby that render great importance to the development of the story. One particular image and symbol seen throughout Fitzgeralds novel that acts as a study contributor to the plot is the travel. The image of the machine can be seen in relation with any of the characters in the novel who involve themselves in with driving an automobile or even simply talking about an automobile. Two characters in the novel that Fitzgerald uses to portray the images and symbols of the automobile are tom turkey Buchannan and Jay Gatsby.These two automobile owners are created into the strongest conductors of Fitzgeralds imagery and symbolism throughout the novel. The automobile can be seen as representing a few different types of images and symbols. A possible symbol of the automobile may stand for the respective automobile owners status in society. Almost all automobiles in the nineteen-twenties were bl ack and just about as plain as could be. These black automobiles were owned by all those who could just barely feed an automobile, to those who were average, middle class people, to the extremely wealthy who could easily afford three or four automobiles.What makes this piece of history so important is the fact that Fitzgerald gives both Tom and Gatsby brightly colored automobiles. The personalities of these two characters effortlessly magnifies the flamboyance and in Gatsbys case, gaudiness. Gatsbys absolutely obnoxious Rolls Royce is a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous continuance with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns. No one in the nineteen-twenties had such an untasteful looking automobile that Gatsby.One axiomatic and unreserved possible explanation for Gatsbys hideous automobile is that he wants to certify off his wealth, status, and su ccess in his many trades. Another not so obvious reason for this hideous yellow automobile could be an image produced by Fitzgerald to try to illustrate Gatsbys need to reach out and grasp Daisys attention. Unfortunately, because Gatsby was formerly a much lower class man, living on a farm out west with his family, his wealth and riches cannot buy him any class or style. A very similar situation can be seen with Tom Buchannan and his automobiles.He too, is very showy and flashy in his actions to show the world his possessions. Tom, standardised Gatsby, has an unusual colored car. This blue automobile is a symbol of wealth, status, and riches, just like Gatsby, but it can represent another image. any single time Tom heads over to Wilsons Garage for some gas or to see Myrtle, Wilson asks Tom about purchasing his old automobile. Tom plainly and seemingly without thinking puts the topic off to the side as if it wasnt important and he didnt want to talk about it. unhappily for Wilson, the automobile in a sense symbolizes Myrtle. Tom pushes the car aside as if it didnt matter much at all to him, just like he uses Myrtle and makes all those empty promises to her about trying to divorce Daisy and being together forever. The images and symbols throughout The Great Gatsby create many dimensions to such a superb plot and character development. These amazing images set up by Fitzgerald give the novel a complete feel of full development. Fitzgerald ties in all the different elements of the story by using the one simple entity of the automobile.

History of Statistics Essay

The history of statistics can be said to start around 1749 although, over time, there have been changes to the interpretation of the articulate statistics. By the eighteenth century, the term statistics designated the systematic collection ofdemographic and economic data by states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of statistics broadened to include the discipline concerned with the collection, summary, and analysis of data. straightaway statistics is widely employed in government, business, and all the sciences.Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation, and have allowed statisticians to develop computer-intensive methods. The Word statistics have been derived from Latin word Status or the Italian word Statista, meaning of these words is Political State or a Government. Shakespeare use a word Statist is his drama Hamlet (1602). In the past, the statistics was used by rulers. The application of statistics was very limited but rulers and kings needed informatio n about lands, agriculture, commerce, population of their states to assess their military potential, their wealth, taxation and other aspects of government.Gottfried Achenwall used the word statistik at a German University in 1749 which means that political science of different countries. In 1771 W. Hooper (Englishman) used the word statistics in his translation of Elements of Universal eruditeness written by Baron B.F Bieford, in his book statistics has been defined as the science that teaches us what is the political arrangement of all the modern states of the known world. there is a big gap between the old statistics and the modern statistics, but old statistics also used as a part of the present statistics. During the eighteenth century the English writer have used the word statistics in their invents, so statistics has developed gradually during last few centuries.A lot of work has been done in the end of the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the 20th century, William S Gos rear was developed the methods for decision making based on small set of data. During the 20th century several statistician are active in developing new methods, theories and application of statistics. Now these days the availability of electronics computers is certainly a major factor in the modern development of statistics.* Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact description of a phenomenon of nature. * statistical helps in appropriate and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in any field of study. * Statistical helps in collecting an appropriate quantitative data. * Statistics helps in presenting daedal data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for an easy and clear comprehension of the data. * Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variant of a phenomenon through quantitative obersevations. * Statistics helps in drawing valid inference, along with a measure of their reliability about the population para meters from the sample data.* Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries. * Biostatistics is a branch of biology that studies biological systemal phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes medical statistics. * Business analytics is a rapidly developing business subroutine that applies statistical methods to data sets (often very large) to develop new insights and understanding of business murder & opportunities * Chemometrics is the science of relating standards made on a chemical system or process to the state of the system via application of mathematical or statistical methods. * demography is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of propelling population, that is, one that changes over time or space.* Econometrics is a branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the e mpirical study of economic theories and relationships. * Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. Weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations. * Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. * Geostatistics is a branch of geography that deals with the analysis of data from disciplines such as petroleum geology,hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geography.* operations research (or Operational Research) is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex problems. * Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. * Psychometrics is the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. * Quality control reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and production it can make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries. * Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in humans.* Statistical finance, an area of econophysics, is an empirical plan of attack to shift finance from its normative roots to a positivistframework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets. * Statistical mechanics is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force.* Statistical physics is one of the wakeless theories of physics, and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems. * Statistical thermodynamics is the study of the microscopic behaviors of thermodynamic systems using probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy, and entropy.

A Book Review of All Quiet on the Western Front

While All Quiet on the Western drive may help us understand the effects of the Great War on Germany, it is as an account of trench strugglef atomic number 18 and a simple twaddle of human endurance. It is understandably one of the most famous of war novel.All quiet on the horse opera comportment duologue about the vehemence of war, friendship, befuddlement and mishap. It gives a description of German soldiers experiences. It is a clear, simple narration. Quite terrible are those dreamlike pictures in its ditches.The same for the severe feeling of being completely for the friend on leave only to return to the forefront .Remarque is the intensely interesting story of war experience of Paul Baumer who is a member of German army in world war one.He is positioned on the western front having a role of fighting once morest the French and English soldiers. He however detest the war believing that it was needless and that the war has decimated the generation he belongs .This fight of the adolescent Germans was seen by Paul as useless which they have been forced to do.This was a time that Germany was trying to gain influence in the world .Paul and 7 others eventu bothy die in the book as depicted in the drop stagnant chapter. Paul gives a picture of dying men around him in many of the betrothals. The pattern of Remarques presentation in the book is awesome. All pages with the exclusion of the short paragraph in the last chapter are described in first person.The portrayal of the characters makes the reader feels as if at the scene of the battle. Two passages I really found interesting in the book the first being where Paul expresses his longing to survive I think no more of the dead man I think no more of the dead man. He is of no consequence to me now. With one bound the lust to live flares up again and everything that has filled my thoughts goes down before it (138-139).Here the objectives of all the armies is illustrated and it is that they all want to l ive and arrive home safely and they are desperate to achieve this by all means whether good or bad. The book also teaches that to escape the fear of war the best thing is to face it. In another passage, Paul talks about how his teacher previously advised about the battle to the German youths Kantorek would say that we stood on the threshold of life. And so it would seem. We had as yet taken no root.The war swept us away (16).In this place, the book depicts how infantile men, unprepared for war but preparing for their future are forced to give their dreams and aspirations in other to face a gruesome and deadly battle. What a mature strong men may not survive is being faced by this young people i.e. famine, poverty, thirst, terrors and demise of friends or even they themselves. Will they survive?Even after(prenominal) the war, if they survive they are old and what enkindle they do with their lives again? No jobs, no families, and no homes again. Unfortunately various life events ap pear takeless after fighting in the trenches.All quiet on the western front relates the events of one man who suddenly found himself in the war he knew little or nothing about. Paul Braumer was laboring in trenches while for the purpose of the uplifting of the Germany he volunteered himself for war having been persuaded by his teacher.He and his friends served as members of the infantry. Paul wondered not only the possibility of escaping without himself being killed as he watched his friends dying one after the other but also the likelihood of surviving a world without war. He observed the trenches of western government were soaked in human simple eye from the death and massacre of the people.Remarque in his book allows for a period of relief amidst hell of battle. His approach is simplistic, clear and direct without losing the essential purpose and value. on that point are also periods of lyrics and thoughtful ruminations. Patriotism and countryman spirit are confronted by entit y of the pompous schoolmaster who persuaded the writer and his fellows to join together.Disconnection from the civilian way of life is seen pastime the narrators leave having previously left the school for trenches with no assurance of establishing ties. It allows for a pensive thought on the generalized effects of war most marked by hindsight. Horrors are slimly depicted. With progression of the novel in terms of its character transformation, character reinforcement, the breaking and twisting in the battle front, we are being gradually challenged by the Aristocrats and the disastrous genre of the book.The Genre of the book is tragedy. In one scene of the book, Paul and his friends were together in the rough space over the boxes being used as latrines And it will be 2 hours before we get up again (page 7). Paul rails There he lies now but why? The entire world should have passed. The book depicts the combination of joy, happiness sorrow and the outbreak of violence.All quiet on th e western front is laudable as it will compete to emerge as one of the best if not ever best book written on war. I enjoy reading the book and the lesson I learn is that war can be terrible. I give the book distinction and I can recommend it anytime, anyday.

Chemistry Notes

Everything is made of particles. Particles in steadfast are not free to hold out somewhat. Liquids and gases canister. As particles move they collide with each otherwise and leaping run into in all directions. This is called random motion. In 2 shopping malls, when mixed, particles bounce off in all directions when they collide. This mixing process is called diffusion. Its also the movement of particles without a force. The smallest particle that cannot be broken go through by chemical means is called an atom. In some substances, particles are Just single atoms.For example the gas argon, hummock in air, is made up of single argon atoms. In many substances, particles consist of 2 atoms Joined together. These are called molecules. In other substances, particles consist of atoms or congregations of atoms that carry a vex. These particles are called ions. stiffs perspicuouss and gases Solid Properties Definite digit and volume Normally hard and rigid Large force required to change shape High Density Incompressible Model Closely packed Occupy minimum space Regular pattern Vibrate in fixed condition Not free to move Liquid Properties Definite volume tho no shape.Not compressible Occur in clusters with molecules slightly fury Free to move about within a confined vessel WPAD W. Transmigrate crossover Demand Pu. Researchers www. PDFWatermarkRemover. Com to remove the watermark Gas Properties No Fixed volume and no fixed shape Low density Compressible Very far apart Travel at high speed Independent and random motions miserable forces of attraction between them Diffusion in Gases Gases diffuse in different rates. Those rates depend on their factors 1. Mass of the particles The lower the mass of its particles the faster a gas exit diffuse. Why?Because the lighter the molecules He faster it will travel (obviously ) 2. The temperature The higher the temperature, the faster a gas will diffuse. Why? Because particles overhear energy as they are he ated Mixtures, Solutions, and Solvents Mixture Contains more the one substance. They are Just mixed together and not chemically combined. grammatical case sense and water. Solution It is when a solute and a solvent mix. The solute dissolves in the solvent making a effect. Example sugar (solute) dissolves in water (solvent) making a solution of sugar and water. The solubility of every substance is different.To help a solute dissolve you could Stir it Rise the temperature If you add excess amount of sugar in a small amount of water It wont dissolve as there is no space for it. The solution becomes saturated. Solvent A substance that allows solutes to dissolve in Example Water, Ethanol Pure substances and impurities A pure substance is a substance that has no particles of any other substance mixed with it. An unwanted substance, mixed with a wanted substance, is called an impurity. To check if a substance is pure, you invite to check its melting and boiling points.A pure substanc e has a definite, sharp, melting point. When a substance is impure, the permit point falls and its boiling point rises. So the more impurity present, the wider and bigger the change in melting and boiling point. Separation methods Filter -? Solid from liquid Centrifuge -? Solid from liquid Evaporation -? Solid from its solution Crystallization Solid from its solution Distillation -? Solvent from a solution incomplete distillation Liquid from each other Chromatography solution Separation methods Different substances from a 1.Filtering Example A mixture of chalk and water 1. A drivel paper is placed in a funnel, the funnel placed on a flask. 2. The mixture is poured on the filter paper. The chalk (the residue) will remain in the filter paper and the water (the filtrate) will fall down in the flask. 2. Centrifuging This method is used to separate small amounts of solid and liquid. Inside a spin (its a machine), test tubes are spun very fast so the solid gets flung to the bottom. 3. Evaporation This method is used to separate a solution in which the solid is dissolved in the liquid. . The solution is heated so that the liquid melts and the solid stiff in the bottom of the evaporating dish. 4. Crystallization This method is similar to evaporation but here the solid forms crystals then the rascals are left to dry. Separating a mixture of two solids 1. This can be done by dissolving one in an appropriate solvent. 2. Then filtering one and extracting the other from the solution by evaporation. 5. Simple distillation 1. The impure liquid is heated. 2. It boils, and steam rises into the condenser. 3. The impurities are left behind. . The condenser is unwarmed so the steam condenses to the pure liquid and it drops out on the beaker. 6. Fractional distillation . The mixture is heated. The wanted substance boils and evaporates 2. (some of the unwanted liquid will evaporate too) and rises up the column. 3. The substance will condense on the beads in the column causi ng them to heat. 4. When the beads reach a certain temperature when the wanted liquid wont condense anymore (Thats the boiling point) it will rise while the unwanted liquid will condense and drop.The wanted liquid will instal its mood through the condenser where it will condense and drop down in the beaker. 7. Chromatography This method is used to separate a mixture of substances. For example you can use it to find how many colored substances there are in black ink. Steps 1. Drop the black ink on to the center off filter paper and allow it to dry. 2. Drop water on to the ink spot, one drop at a time. 3. Suppose there are trio rings yellow, red and blue. This shows the ink contains 3 colored substances. The substances travel across the paper at different rates.Thats why they separate into rings. The filter paper viewing the separate substances is called a chromatogram. This method works because different substances travel at different speeds because they have different levels of attraction to it. Uses of chromatography Separate mixtures of substances Purify a substance by separating the impurities from it Unit 2 The Atom Identify a substance Atoms are the smallest particles. Each atom consists of a nucleus and a cloud of particles called electrons that friend around the nucleus. An division is a substance that contains plainly one kind of atom.The periodic table is the map/address book for elements where each element is condition a symbol (E. G. K for potassium). The collection of elements that have similar properties are put in a military issueed column. For example, if you know how one element in group 1 behaves, you can easily guess how the others in the same group will behave. The rows are called periods. The gig-gag line separates metals from non-metals, with the non-metals on the right. So most elements are metals. A conglomerate contains atoms of different elements Joined together where the atoms are chemically combined.For example carbon dio xide is a compound of carbon and type O (1 carbon and 2 oxygen molecules). The symbol for compound is made from the symbols of the elements in it. So the formula for carbon dioxide is CO. Isotopes and Radioactivity You can identify an atom by the number of protons in it. For example, only sodium atoms have 11 protons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with different numbers of neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive. That means its nucleus is unstable, sooner or later the toms breaks down or decays, giving out radioactivity in the form of rays and tiny particles, as well as large amount of energy.Like carbon-14, a number of other elements have radioisotopes that occur naturally and eventually decays. But the other two isotopes of carbon (like most natural isotopes) are non-radioactive. You can know when radioisotopes decay by looking at there half life. Radiation affects humans as it may causes them radiation sickness but radiation also has some uses. Uses of radiation 1. Che ck for leaks in pipes (indusattempt) This is done by adding a radioisotope to the oil or gas. At a leak, the radiation is detected using an instrument. Radioisotopes used in this way are called tracers. 2. N cancer treatment (Medical) Radioisotopes can cause cancer but yet also can cure it. Using radiotherapy the radioisotope will decay and give out rays that can kill cancer cells. These rays will be aimed exactly at the cancer cells. 3. To find the age of old remains A tiny percentage of a living thing contains carbon-14 atoms. When living thing dies it no longer takes in new carbon atoms. But brisk carbon-14 atom decay over time we can measure the faint radiation from them. How electrons are arranged The electrons in an atom circle fast around the nucleus, at different levels from it.These energy levels are caller electron pounds. The further the shell is from the nucleus, the higher the energy level. Each shell can hold a limited number of electrons. First shell can hold up to 2 electrons Second shell can hold up to 8 electrons The troika shell can also hold up to 8 electrons Electronic configuration means the arrangement of electrons in an atom. Argon has the electronic configuration 2,8,8 milligram has the electronic configuration 2,8,2 historic points The shells fill in order, from lowest energy level to highest energy levelAll the elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outmost shells. These are called Valence electrons. The group number is the same number of outer shell electrons The period number shows how many shells there are. If an element posses a to the full outer shell, the element become enervative Unit 3 Atoms combining Most elements form compounds because they want a full outer shell and to achieve that they must react with other atoms. For example, sodium has Just one electron in its outer shell.It can obtain a full outer shell by losing this electron to anther atoms and by that it becomes a sodium ion. N ow because sodium lost a electron It now has 10 electrons but 11 protons So it has a 1 positive charge. An ion is a charged particle. It is charged because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons. The ionic bond Sodium and chlorine react together sodium gives its electron to chlorine. Now both elements have a full outer shell, but with a charge. Now they are ions. Sodium now has 10 electrons but 11 protons so it has a positive charge.Chlorine now has 18 electrons but 17 protons so it has a negative charge. The two ions have polar charges, so they attract each other. The force of attraction between them is strong. It is called an ionic bond. When sodium reacts with chlorine, billions and billions of sodium and chlorine ions form and they attract each other. But the ions dont bear on in pairs. They cluster together so that each ion is surrounded by 6 ions of opposite charges. The pattern grows until a giant structure of ions is formed. The overall charge of the structure i s O since 1 positive charge and 1 negative charge neutralize each other.The ionic bonding is only between metals and non-metals. Important notes Hydrogen and the metals form positive ions Non-metals form negative ions, and their names end in -did Group 4 and 5 do to usually form ions because they would have to lose or pass water several electrons and that takes too much energy Group O elements do not form ions they already have full outer shells Some of the transition metals form more than one ion. Some ions can be formed from groups of Joined atoms. These are called compound ions. Properties of ionic compound 1. bonce compounds have high melting and boiling points. This is because ionic bonds are very strong, so it takes a lot of heat energy to break up the lattice. 2. garret compounds are usually soluble in water. The water molecules can attract the ions away from the lattice. The ions can then move freely, surrounded by water molecules. 3. Ionic compounds can acquire electri city when they are melted or dissolved. When melted the lattice breaks up and the ions are free to move. Since they are charged, this means they can conduct electricity.The solutions of ionic compounds conduct electricity too because they are also free to move. The covalent bond Giving and losing an electron is not the only way to gain full outer shells since atoms can also share electrons. Covalent bonding is for non-metals only since only non-metals need to gain electrons. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. When a pair of electrons is shared, it is called a single covalent bond, or Just single bond. When 2 pairs of electrons are shared, it is called a repeat covalent bond, or Just double bond.When 3 pairs of electrons are shared, it is called a triple covalent bond, or Just triple Covalent compounds A covalent compound is when atoms of different elements share electrons with each other. The molecules in a covalent compound isnt flat because each elect ron repel each other and try to get as far apart from each other. Molecular substances Most molecular substances are gases or liquids at room temperature. Molecular lids are held in a lattice but the forces between the molecules are weak. All molecular solids have similar structure.The molecules are held in regular pattern in a lattice. So the solids are crystalline. When you cool down a molecular liquid or gas the molecules lose energy so they start moving slowly and at the freezing point, they form a lattice (a good example would be ice) Properties of covalent bonding 1. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point This is because the forces between the molecules are weak. 2. They do not conduct electricity This is because molecules are not charged, so they cannot conduct, even when melted

Pro Audio Sales Agent Program

pro Audio Sales Agent Program 1. Major Facts / Major Problems The program is an administrative nightmare at sell level Retailers withdraw problems in delivering the product -many dealers were spending time training customers and later losing them to other dealers. -there were errant sales agents working against the sell price -the product image of PSX-360 was on the verge of damage because of the new plan. 2. Possible Solutions Solution A Control the retail price of electronic, and sound processing equipment through public awareness programs set is a relevant answer in procurement at both levels.Individuals purchasing the commodities of an organization should receive clarity on pricing. There is confusion in this organization because dealers are giving different prices for the equipment. This receives customers shop around for the lowest price and buy from such a dealer. Ensuring the same retail price for wholly dealers will ensure a level playing ground for only the dea lers. This means that customers will buy from any dealer in the market. This will aid in streamlining the market and reducing the problems faced shortly. Solution B Canceling agreements with errant sales agentsThe reason for the state the organization is facing might be the complete of errant sales agents. These rights should be cancelled to ensure that all dealers have a say in the market. This will stop dealers who take local markets from far, going local dealers with no market. This will ensure that sales increase in the market without having to sideline other dealers. 3. Possible Solutions Advantage A Controlling the retail price ensures that dealers get a level playing field. Furthermore, dealers will not lose customers after training them. This is because the retail price is the same at all levels.The problem of persistent discounting of products will be solved with a common price. Complaints on the loss of sale by other dealers will be an issue of the past. Evaluation of t he sales agents was a step in the right direction for Pro Audio. injustice A The errant sales agents who were getting the largest chunk of get will lose in this new move. This is because other dealers in the market will get an opportunity to sell their products in the market. Customers can get products locally with the change. Some suppliers can still get a way of working around the pricing issue to increase their sales.Advantage B An increase in sales will translate to profitability in the organization. This in turn translates to revenue increase in the organization and dealers. Canceling agreements to exclusive rights of sale will give all dealers similar opportunities. This means that the dealers in the market have an opportunity to reach any consumer. Additional dealers will help in leveling the playing field. Disadvantage B Canceling sale agreements may constitute a breach of contract, which means that dealers can sue the organization where there is no proof of error.This ca ncellation might make dealers feel shortchanged in the organization. This means that it is critical to have a clear direction so that such occurrences do not happen in organizations. 4. cream and Rationale Solution A Control the retail price of electronic, and sound processing equipment through public awareness programs. Rationale Pricing is a apt issue in procurement and acquisition in organizations. Consumers buying the commodities of an entity should get clarity on pricing related issues. There is uncertainty in Pro Audio because dealers are presenting differing prices for the products.This makes buyers look around for the lowest rates and buy from these dealers. This means that customers will buy from any dealer in the marketplace. Maintaining the same retail price for all dealers ensures a level playing field for all the traders. This will help in reformation of the market and reduce the troubles faced currently by Pro Audio. Furthermore, making the customers aware by providin g a hotline where queries can be lodged is relevant. Public awareness gives consumers information that helps them in making sound decisions. In this context, any retailer found on the wrong loses the contract. 5.Implementation 1) Termination of old contracts would be the first step. This would mean that the terms would change to favour the retail market. 2) hot contracts would be given to suppliers to ensure that they are aware of the retail terms of agreement. These contracts must be given on the basis of performance. 3) Retail agents should be leased to train and demonstrate consumers on the use of the products in all dealerships. 4) Orders will be processed by the company on the basis of payment to ward off losses. 5) The prices for the products should be fixed to stop issues of discounting and negotiating with dealers.

Frankenstein Essay Essay

Gothic horror falsehood that captures readers attention leaving them with questions of their witness ethical motive and of the main characters. The novel arouses questions alike(p), who should be allowed to clear sprightliness? Is it right to kill for a greater good? Are virtually secrets best such(prenominal)(prenominal)? These are all questions of morality and individuals will rise up up with their own opinions and answers based on their upbringing.In Frankenstein, main characters lord Frankenstein and The colossus are morally put to the test with decisions that will greatly motivate their lives. In the give nonice m each readers find themselves wondering who are the antagonist and protagonist of the novel Did trainmaster do wrong by creating The Monster, or did the Monster do wrong by killing honest people? In this case both made morally bad decisions but in the end one decision had more of a lasting impact. The Monsters quest of killing is provided justified pa yable to the fact that he was hunting his creator.To begin with this analysis it is necessary to start with succeeder because he is the creator of the Monster. passe- arrayouts passion in the field of science led him to his discovery. master was a self educated cosmos until the age of 17 when he left his home in Geneva to pursue higher education at the Ingolstadt University. His favorite professor, Mr. Krempe, pushed master copy to broaden his studies to all palm of science and that is when his fascination with life and living objects began. victors obsession with recreating life unploughed him at the university for over two years studying cadavers and how the body worked. headmasters motive was not to piss a human being that would do his chores for him and take care of him, he hoped his present attempts would at to the lowest degree lay the foundation of future success (Shelley 33). His mind was in the wrong place he was model on what doors it could open in the field of science but failed to realize the chaos it would create in society. Problems were sure to arise because Victors new creation challenged everything people learned in school and religion. God was to have created humans and life on Earth and gave them the ability to recreate naturally, not some young scientist digging graves and putting body parts together.Victors second worthless moral decision was his reaction to the Monster as it was brought to life. The Monsters size and proportions were that of something superior to anything, further Victor could not stand to look at how ugly his creation. He rushed out of his style and did not return the next morning to find out the Monster had fled. In reality Victor was the Monsters father and there was no mother. Victors reaction to archetypical seeing the daimon and fleeing it immediately were the first memories the Monster had and this had a lasting effect on him.Not only was the Monster abandoned at birth he was also feared greatly by others, forcing him to live in hiding in the woodwind instrument. Like Victor the Monster educated himself but in a much more unorthodox way. According to Lawrence Lipkings, FRANKENSTEIN, the True Story, the Monster sees himself In his own eyes, at least, he develops as if nature, not man, had formed him, and rejection by society deforms him (Lipking 428) . He learned through peeping in on a family that lived in the woods near him. Coincidentally they were also teaching an Arabian to read and write, so the monster observed carefully and learned as well.The Monster now had a sense of language and what this life was about. He left these woods and began a new journey to find his unfeeling, heartless creatoron him only had I any claim for pity and redress, and from him I am determined to seek that justness (Shelley 98). The Monster greatly sought out a companion after his stay in the woods observing the family. Victor stripped him of being raised by a family so it was the Monsters i ntention to find Victor and have him create a female companion for him. Victor was quiet in remorse from his first creation so he had no intentions to bring life to another.This ignominious secret he kept from everyone was coming back to haunt him and those close to him. The Monster gave him a prize If you consent, neither you nor any other human being shall ever see us again I will go to the vast wilds of South America, or the he would continue with his evil, menacing ways and come after Victors loved ones (Shelley 104). At first thought Victor obliged because the truths behind(predicate) the deaths of William and Justine were in jeopardy of being exposed. How far would he let this lie keep building? easily to no surprise Victor makes another poor decision.Instead of granting the Monsters one request for happiness he decides not to create a female monster and returns home to Elizabeth and his father. Victors decision to not help the Monster came back to haunt and abate him. F irst the Monster went after Henry, Victors best friend, and next Elizabeth. The Monster promised him that I shall be with you on your wedding night and he kept that promise (Shelley 120). Victor assumed this meant the Monster was coming that night to kill him but to his surprise the Monster was after Elizabeth and strangled her the night of their union.Shortly after Victors father passed away due to the sudden deaths surrounding him and the truth that Victor had finally let out about the beast. It was official Victor had lost everything that was dear to him. The Monster had stripped him of everything he loved and this urged Victor to make his last and fateful decision. His intentions were to head north to the icy and deadly habitat where the Monster took refuge. His new obsession was to find and destroy and what he had created in his first obsession. When most hear the word monster they typically identify them as being the antagonist of the novel.In this case Mary Shelley reverses t he roles and makes the Monster the protagonist. Sure he did murder Victors entire family, but in a way you understructure say Victor did the comparable to the Monsters family by denying him a spouse and the potential of a family. Lipking describes it perfectly, Good people do evil, perhaps because of flaws in character but perhaps an excess built into their virtues (Lipking 433). People acquire their morals on their upbringing and it is safe to say that the Monster really had no morals. The Monster was abandoned the twenty-four hours he was conceived and did not know anything except what he learned from the family in the woods.The morals he picked up were along the lines of helping others if anything. He first saw the family helping the Arabian learn to read and write, so he learned to lend his helping hand by collecting firewood for the struggling family. Victor Frankenstein makes his first unmoral decision in the novel by taking the role of creating life into his own hands. Sec ond when he abandons the Monster. Third when he hides the truths behind Justine and Williams deaths. Lastly when he denies the one request the Monster had for a mate. Victor did have a proper upbringing but he is the one who struggled with his choices in this novel.From the beginning Victor should not have taken life into his own hands. Part of what is so special about children is the riddle behind them. You never know if the child will get moms blonde hair, pas brown, or for some reason ends up with red hair. From birth they are a part of you and you can see that as they age and become more like you. Victor cheated the system by trying to create what he wanted out of a child. Sure his creation was superior in size and strength but there was nothing instilled in this monster that resembled its creator in any way, it was hideous and horrifying.Lipking quotes Rousseaus Emile in his essay, stating everything is good as it leaves the hands of the Author of things everything degenerate s in the hands of man (Lipking 425). This defines the transformation the Monster went through as he started as Victors prized possession and end up as his enemy. The hidden truth was what brought death upon Victor and his family members. If he had accepted his creation for what it looked like he could have been the father figure the Monster needed to stay away from killing. It could have been their own little secret them kept them closer together.Victor failed to realize that perhaps the hands of man can better nature. In that case his fault was not his ambition but his failure to look on his work and find it good (Lipking 432). With the size of the Monster and the knowledge Victor possessed they could have changed the foundation of science and its limits.

Preparing to Conduct Business Research Essay

Develop or select the instruments your group will use to collect data.Describe how you will attempt the population What is the appropriate sampling method acting? What sampling frame will be used? What is the appropriate sampling size? How will the sample size be determined?Discuss the overall data analysis approach and result coverage Which statistical test will be used and why? How will the results be displayed?Combine the tercet parts of the Preparing to Conduct Business Research assignment to develop a cohesive research object of no more than 2,450 words. Include the following elements Research problem and purpose Significance, scope, magnitude, and feasibility of finding a solution to the issue, opportunity, or problem Research question, hypothesis, and variables Research design Instrument you developed or selected sample method Overall data analysis approach Result reporting Ethical considerations

Issuing the Draft Essay

In response to the first argument in favor of volunteer enlistment, I would restitution that the overall effect would restrain to support the status quo in that privileged and wealthy Americans would not cause an urgent need to enlist. Due to this economic division between classes, the lower class sector would continue to be the majority of soldiers because of a overleap of better options in civilian society. In this general palpate the moral of the volunteer would not increase but would remain either indifferent or resentful. fashioning the draft mandatory could be seen as an equalizing force that supports the doctrine that all men are created equal, whether or not that be the case. Response to second argument Responding to the second argument against the draft due to the lack of funding by the part of the government, I would contend that the volunteering aspect would cut the overall size of the war machine because of the negative perspective that the government is mis-appropr iating their funds.If this were the case, volunteers would feel no urgent necessity to enlist because they would feel their efforts would not be recognized or supported sufficiently enough to warrant such a support changing decision. Although I agree that volunteers who join causes they believe in will ultimately perform with more than vigor, in this case the moral boost would be ever-vanishing.

Business Research Methods -Starbucks Essay

Starbucks hot chocolate keep company originated in 1971 as a small coffee ho commit in SeattleWashington. Over the years, Starbucks has magnanimous into a global company cracking its exclusive brand coffees in domestic and international markets. unluckily in recent years, increased competition and market saturation has ca designd the company to re-evaluate its none strategies often lead to the closure of galore(postnominal) of its stores in many recently expanded argonas.This melodic phrase problem and optional intention is designed to address the issues Starbucks is facing as a result of the increased competition and market saturation in the coffee industry. Using statistics to remedy the issue, Team C provide develop a opening to study using an appropriate take in pool as intimately as primary and subaltern data sources. The outcome of the timbre into entrust result in a final recomm restation cogitate to the problem and the hypothesis that was tested.Subject ProblemIncreased competition and market saturation has ca employ Starbucks Coffee Company to reevaluate its business strategies in order to eliminate the closure of many of its stores in recentlyexpanded atomic number 18as. Consumers are feeling the damages in their sacking and are mindful of the next dollar they spend.Dependent and Independent VariablesA recent slump in gross revenue and revenue has forced the coffee powerhouse company Starbucks to close several hundred stored over the pull through and through year and upcoming moths. The new sales plummet will be the dependent variable in our research of the freelance variables and their effect of the overall sales.When looking at Starbucks many recent events depose be attributed to its sales drought such as the huge unemployment which flock be defined as our independent variables. The first independent variable to consider is the over saturation of Starbuckss jams across the country. Each Starbucks location needs a certai n amount of profit to stay open, thus several locations will take in to resort to closing their doors. With Starbucks popularity early on it opened the door for other adversarys such asMcDonalds to serve a amplitude roasted ice coffee for a cheaper price. Also with the gas prices creation steady and the economy trying to rebuild itself from this financial state it doesnt seem economically to purchase a $4-$8 cup of coffee when you can get a similar crop from McDonalds or your local convenience store.Populations of InterestsThe two populations of interest that Learning Team C will be focusing on will be the consumers for cold coffee. The cold coffee market has grown with Starbucks cosmos on the higher end and McDonalds cold coffee being on the lower-rankinger end of the market. We will show the comparison of these two companies consumers and how the overall market has been effective by the economy.Proposed Sources/Resources for Data CollectionFor a primary research source fo r Starbucks, data can be collected from market traces,teleconferencing interviews, consumer questionnaires and focus base sessions by directlycontacting customers. Other information can be derived from sampling techniques and statisticalmethodologies which are documented to be 1 percent of the market profitable value. lowlyresearch sources are in the form of data which has already been collected in preceding researchstudies. Examples include reports, press released articles, and initial market research projectsthat eventually arrive at a conclusion, governmental agency studies, and trade associations.Sampling methods to be used in researching the two hypotheses will be in simple random sampling and cluster sampling. Samples of customers will be asked to take a survey in different regions and areas of the market. The samples will include an assortment of populations including various age, race, career and education levels.Primary and Secondary DataPrimary resource data includes St arbucks mission statement that indicates Our Commitment to Being a Deeply Responsible Company Contributing positively to our communities and environment is so classic to Starbucks that its one of the six guiding principles of our mission statement. (Starbucks, 2008) The effort that Starbucks exudes is apositive one and working together with each employee helps them to create the above-average approach that they are known for.Analyzing surveys that were generated at the local Starbucks indicated that even though the price of Starbucks has rose in price, consumers are motionless impulsive to buy that product, especially when a competitor like McDonalds sells it, as long as it bears the name Starbucks.The observations that have been analyzed are that Starbucks is known for providing a relaxing experience which can mate those of unwavering food restaurants. Starbucks has been known to modify their stores to embrace the coffee experience to entice consumers from every passing game of life in local communities and throughout the world.One of the benefits of combining primary research with secondary research is in the area of data triangulation. Data triangulation is when a piece of data, a finding, or a evocation is able to be verified with several different research methods. (Driscoll, 2006) For example, when conducting a study on how many college students drink Starbucks coffee, results indicate that Coffee drinking appears to be on the rise, and this might not be a fad. The Dallas Morning News recently wrote an article about a specific new trend in cold coffee. In a Sept. 4 article, staff writer Teresa Gubbins says we have a cognise affair with hot coffee.(Cooper, 2003)In this experiment, of the students interviewed, 57 percent of them reported to be coffee drinkers. Fifty-five percent had not been regular coffee consumers before college, and admitted they picked up the habit once they arrived at SMU.Because college is such a drastic change in atmosphere , schedules, soma loads and stress, many students rely upon coffee as a resolving to get them through the day. I mystifyed drinking coffee because I cannot stay awake in class without it, sophomore Shunta Richardson said. Fifty-nine percent of students said they prefer Starbucks coffee. I drink Starbucks coffee because there are so many stores all around the country. No takings where I go I can trust that my favorite drink will be there, junior Tyler Torres said. (Cooper, 2003)Using secondary data sources, it is necessary to look at what kind of future Starbucks is facing. They also need to ask themselves some questions,such as should they emit new products considering the trend of the health conscious? How will Starbucks market new products and continue to keep the price down? Starbucks essential also look at the demographics of the target market to ensure the validity of concern.Starbucks mustiness also research and use forecasting in an effort to predict future revenue. Fo recasting long predictions are essential to allow sufficient time for the procurement, manufacturing, sales, finance, and other departments of a company to develop plans for realizable new plants, financing, development of new products, and new methods of assembling. (Lind, Marchal & Wathen, 2004)Sample SizeStarbucks has become a well-known company for selling the highest gauge coffee beans and better(p) tasting coffee products around the world. Starbucks was one of the first companies to realize that the real funds to be made was in beverage retailing, not just coffee beans. What makes Starbucks coffee stands out from the other corporations is the roasters of Starbucks coffees are extensively trained for one year before they start the production of the coffee. Starbucks is the only competitor in the coffee market that has a recognized brand image.Starbucks have introduced gourmet flavored decaffeinated coffees as well as specialty flavors and whole bean coffees for their faith ful coffee drinkers. Starbucks stores operated in most metropolitan areas of the linked States and have a direct mail business to serve customers in every state. One of Starbucks competitors for the bounteousness roast coffee is McDonalds which they offer a similar product for less than the cost of Starbucks. This has posed a problem for a great deal of Starbucks retailers because customers these days are very conscious of their spending habits and work up why pay the cost of Starbucks when they can get the same product from McDonalds for a lesser cost. The sample sizing consisted of a group of 100 which the first group of 50 is Starbucks customers and the other 50 were McDonald customers. guest surveys are one of the tools that can quantify the process and use of such tools are important to determine the need for a product and changes. The surveys can measure whether or not the marketing plan is effective, or if it needs to be repackaged and delivered in a different fashion. Th e initial choice of a quick, yet descriptive questionnaire is paramount togather needed information. Starbucks and McDonalds need to identify their customers, what are they willing to pay for this product and how do they rate the premium roast coffee. For each customer at Starbucks and McDonalds every 10th customer can complete the survey and receive 10% off their next purchase.Below would be questions that would be include in the survey for Starbucks and McDonalds customersHow often is premium roast coffee purchased? (daily/weekly/monthly)What is your specific age support? (under 18/ 18-24/ 25-44/ over 45)Where do you make your purchases? (restaurant/grocery store/mail order)What is the cost that you are willing to pay for premium roast coffee? (less than $2/ $2 $4/ Over $4)What brand of premium roast coffee do you purchase? (Starbucks/McDonalds/other competitor)As you can see statistics can play an important role when devising decisions. A manager at one of these companies can reduce the unexpected, and potentially costly, variances when making business decisions. Starbucks coffee is much expensive than McDonalds but Starbucks puts time and money into their product which ultimately increases the cost. most consumers are excited about the competition of premium roast coffee such as McDonalds because of the low cost yet faithful customers to Starbucks because of the quality. When uncertainty is reduced better conclusions can be drawn that will minimize risk and maximize profit gain.Sample SelectionThe aggroup examined secondary data within this business problem analysis, which can save a firm time and money by using publically available information as well as information already in the firms database. If the company had already conducted research of the best markets within its regions and area of influence, the company would be smart to use this when deciding how to downsize its stores. While using secondary information is cost effective, the use of secon dary data must be carefully considered and used only when applicable to the research question. Starbucks will need to gather sinless and reliable secondary information, which can either be sub-contracted out to a firm that specializes in market research or it can form an internal research team to explore opportunities which will start to present themselves as the company begins to downsize. A key concern for the validity of data is the age of the data. tout ensemble the data is sensitive to the effect of time so any action being taken by the company must account for thechanging nature of the environmental landscape. One questions that Starbucks should ask its internal or external research team is, How does the coffee market change once the Starbucks brand is not as strong as it used to be? Another question would be, What types of aftermath will come with coffee saturation in the fast food markets, will customers want quality over quantity? Starbucks should use accurate, reliable an d timely data in its decision-making processes going further. The company would be surprised to see that opportunities will arise even within the decrease of its stores. An example of this type of opportunity occurs when customers get tired of fast food production of coffee, Starbucks can offer extended hours at its current stores to maximize on profits.The team used demographic data within this analysis in which data was collected from Starbucks clientele through various surveys. Although demographic data will change and cultural habits may differ from town to town, the filling of cities with a vibrant coffee drinking base improves the odds of matching consumers that prefer Starbucks premium product line versus that of McDonalds or any other new rival.In an effort to hear from the people who matter the most, Starbucks should look to survey frequent, occasional and without a doubt new customers. When selecting age and gender criteria to survey, the team used careful consideration a nd attention was paid to all age groups. However, in an effort not to taint the results of this analysis, the team found that typically, pre-teens are neither decision makers, nor do they possess the spending power demand for Starbucks products on a continued basis. Therefore, pre-teens were omitted from the sample.Although the teenagers have about the same spending power as pre-teens Starbucks does offer an atmosphere and products in which the company could use in the future as an opportunity. This age group was left(p) in the surveyed population as the team conducted its analysis. Gender was annotated as a means to direct imaginative marketing and capitalize on the different sexes. Although the research team was efficient in its attempts to give Starbucks the best information available, statistical testing cannot prove the viability of Starbucks alternate hypothesis so company executives must measure the test results usingthe wealth of professional experience possessed by the Starbucks organization.ReferencesCorporate Social Responsibilityhttp//www.starbucks.com/aboutus/csr.aspCraving a caffeine high, SMU opens Java City on campus as coffee houses battle to attract students off the Hilltop, by Melissa Cooper, retrieved on the internet at http//media.www.smudailycampus.com/media/storage/paper949/news/2003/01/16/News/Craving.A.Caffeine.High-2273665.shtmlStarbucks Case mull over (2007).

Iqbal as a Politician Essay

INTRODUCTIONOne of the broadest policy-making figure of modern Asia has remarked approximately Iqbal Although a great poet and philosopher, He was no less a hard-nosed politician. With his firm conviction and faith in the capricels of Islam, he was one of the few who origin wholey thought all over the feasibility of carving out of India an Islamic State in the North-West and North-East Zones which are historical home-lands of the Moslems.Iqbal is generally known as a great poet and philosopher tho he was in akin manner an prompt politician. He fought bravely non only against the ruling power and bulk comm unison but to a fault against the Islamic reactionary politicians.M.Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877 at Sialkot . His father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad belonged to a Kashmiri family was very devoted Moslem and had deep affection with Islam. His mother was a wise but not an educated woman.When Iqbal was about 4 years old he was admitted to the Maktab of Maulana Ghulam M urtaza to learn Quran . In Sialkot he was very lucky to lead Mir Hassan as his teacher. He was a great scholar, who recognised Iqbals capabilities and encouraged him in every affirmable way. Iqbal completed his matriculation in 1893 from scotch mission collage. He lastly moved to Lahore to do his graduation from the GC university which was the bestuniversity in Punjab. He completed his graduation in 1897. He decided to do Masters in Philosophy. He received his masters degree in philosophy in 1899 . He went to study at Cambridge University where he choose to specialise in philosophy. Professor Arnold advised to submit his thesis in Ger galore(postnominal) to get Doctoral degree. The Heidelberg University awarded him the degree of Ph.D. on 4th November 1907 and the thesis was published in 1908 from London.IQBAL AND THE Moslem STATEIqbal reflects both Western and Islamic influences in his education and experiences. Iqbals writing,spurred by his deep anxiety for the crises of Isl am in contemporary guild. For Muslims, Islam is his community, his kingdom in which he will attain his true individuality. The Islamic society is based upon common belief..Iqbal in a bad way(p) that in order to practice economic and social system of Islam, you pauperism to have a state. He provided the theoretical framework. Iqbal in his letter to M.Ali Jinnah, He stressed upon the Islamic laws as fundamental to the survival of Islam. Iqbal says in his letter of 20th June, 1933You may rest assured that I am not interested in politics as such. It was my interest in Islam as a good polity that drove me to politics He further said in the kindred letter thatIt was my vocation to step forward and to place before the younger generation the real meaning of our idealsDuring 1905 to 1908 Iqbal was started discourseing about Tauheed that if you want the binding force you have to follow the concept of Tauheed. If deen is lost every thing is lost. We should terminate the concept of col our, cast, creed and other things. For exciting a deed amongst the Muslim scholars Iqbal suggested four basic approaches Quran, Hadith, Ijma and Qiyas. Iqbal also observed that It is Islam which has come to rescue the Muslims and not vice versa.IQBALS CONCEPT OF NATIONALISMThe problem of nationalism attracted much of his attention throughout his life. In his initial stage of poetry he was in party favour of Indian nationalism.In many poems he wrote that India was his motherland and it was superior to other countries. But at the same fourth dimension he was stressing thatreligion does not preach hatred.(mazhab nahin sikhata apas mein bair rakhna) and everybody who living in India was an Indian and India was his homeland (hindi hain ham watan hai hindustan hamara) He wrote Tarana-e-Hind( ). In which he said that you need to fare every thing available in your country.Unity of globe started developing when Iqbal went abroad. He started understand the hollowness of Europe. He believed that territorial nationalism is actually created more problems hence(prenominal) solving it.He was bringing up with new ideas For the first time he used the term Qaum( ) for Muslim ummah. Then he started talking about Millat. When he talked about Islamic culture he was not only concern with Hindustan but also for the whole Islamic civilization. He was credited to bring preference concept of Universal Nationalism. Iqbal said that individual should merge in millat. He wrote Tarana-e-Milli ( ). Cheen-o-Arab Humara, Hindustan HumaraMuslim Hain Hum, Watan Hai Sara Jahan HumaraIn a letter to Professor R.A.Nicholson Iqbal explicateed his point of view on this matter thatSince I find that the idea of nationality based on race or territory is making headway in the world of Islam, and since I fear that the Muslims, losing right of their own ideal of universal humanity, are being lured by the idea of a territorial nationality. I feel it is my duty as a Muslim and a lover of all mankind, to remind them of their true function in the evolution of mankind.IQBAL AND POLITICSIqbal did not take active part in the politics for a long time. During this period he was restless in creating semipolitical consciousness among his people.Iqbal used poetry as a tool to give his concepts.Poetry is not his first priority.When he realised that now its the time to do some(a)thing practical. Than he did not hesitate even for a ace moment. He was urging Muslim to take active part in politics. He supported the Khilafat movement but did not indulge practicality believed that Muslims in different countries of the world should unite but concentrate on national movements.He had fate on his own culture and tradition. He was asking the elite to talk about the time when Muslims were at peak. He was also asking the intelligentsia and politicians to talk about the triumph of Muslim past and also about the reasons which caused their downfall. He was interested in political advancement and safeguarding the rights of Muslims for preserving their crystalize identity.In May 1908, when Muslim League was formed in London Iqbal was elected as a member of the committee. He drafted constitution for this league. He came back to India in August 1908. There was already a Muslim League in India. During 1913 to 1923 he was not very active in politics. This was the time when Iqbal was busy developing his philosphy and writing his epoch-making poems Asrar-i-khudi, Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Khizr-i-Rah and Tulu-i-Islam etc.During the last years of his life, Iqbal had such a busy political life that it is not possible to describe all of his political activities in this short assignment. Hence some of his work mentioned in a brief sketch.MEMBER OF PUNJAB LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLYIt was in 1923 that Iqbal was persuaded by current friends to stand for election to the Punjab legislative council, and he was quite willing to do so. But his friend Mian Abdul Aziz also wanted to stand for this electi on. Finally he stood for elections to the council in 1926, and was elected by an provoke bulk.He took great interest in the work of the council and he made important contribution in it. He delivered many speeches on the budget of the Punjab. He also discussed other subjects in the council. He had a great love and sympathy for the poor. Iqbal moved some very good resolutions in the legislative council. Iqbal put great engagement for the revision of land taxes. He said in one of his speech thatIn case the currency is remitted we should apply it towards the reduction of taxes. We should apply the pattern of progression to land revenueIn the case of income-tax the regulation of ability or theprinciple of progression is applied, that is to say, there is graduated scale and some people do not pay income-tax at all. My submission, therefore is that the council should consider the question of the reduction of taxes in the light of this principle. He moved a resolution to discourage dri nking. He was a great friend of peasants and he moved resolutions in favour of them. But when asked to stand for the next election, he said People go to council to grind their own axes. I have no axe to grind.ALLAHABAD SESSIONIN 1928 M.Iqbal was elected secretaire of the Shafi branch of the Muslim league .In the same year he was appeared before the Simon Commission as a witness. In 1929 he attended the Muslim Conference held in Delhi. He was elected as the chairwoman of All India Muslim League in 1930. In the same year he presided the annual seance of the All India Muslim League held at Allahabad. He delivered a presidential speech, which was known as Allahabad address. In this speech he said thatDo not think that the problem i am indicating is a purely theoretical one. It is very living and practical problem calculated to affect the very material of Islam as a system of life and conduct..He further said in the same speech thatRedistribution of British India calculated to secure a permanent solution of the communal problem is ignored, then I support as emphatically as possible, the Muslim demands repeatedly urged by the All India Muslim League and All India Muslim Conference. The Muslims of India cant agree to any constitutional changes which affect their majority rights. In this speech Iqbal was the first to suggest a separate homeland for the Muslims on the plateform of Muslim League. The object suggested by others had not attracted any attention at all, But the one put forward by Iqbal attracted worldwide attention for the first time. The words of Iqbal which took much attention in this speech was thatI would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within in theBritish Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.The whole address was thought provoking and it called the Muslims to get get together and prepare themselves for the struggle to achieve freedom. On this occasion he was convinced that the only solution for the Muslims to choke in India was to have a homeland.ROUND TABLE CONFERNCESBritish government sent a outfit under Sir John Simon to introduce constitutional reforms in Indian sub-continent. The Simon commission ceaseed its work in 1929 and submitted its report in the middle of 1930 to the British government. There were huge agitations against these reforms then the viceroy announced that the British government proposed to call shine Table Conference in London. Iqbal did not attend the first Round Table Conference because he was not invited to attend this conference. Iqbal attended the second Round Table Conference. Which was also attended by Mr.Gandhi there were formed two commissions. In this conference no result could be found, So the delegation wrote a letter to British Prime subgenus Pastor t o give an award. The Prime Minister gave the award in 1932. Iqbal issued a statement before announcing the award that I honestly believe that no community has a more genuine grievance against the decision than the Muslims. Indeed, I cant explain to myself as to how the British conscience has tolerated the injustice.Third Round Table Conference was held in 1932, in which Iqbal stressed the need for provincial autonomy because autonomy gave the Muslim majority provinces power to safeguard their their rights, cultural traditions and religion. to a lower place the central government the Muslims were bound to lose their cultural and religious identity at the hands of overwhelming Hindu majority.IQBAL, THE VISIONARY, JINNAH, THE TECHNICIAN AND PAKISTAN THE REALITYIqbal dreamed of Muslim autonomy to be carried out in the Muslim majority areas of the Indian sub-continent. In a meeting with Jinnah, he did not usethe term two nation but nation. Iqbal selected Jinnah to lead the Muslims. In a letter to Jinnah he wrote thatYou are the only Muslim in India now to whom the community has a right to look up for safe guidance through the storm which is coming to North-West India, and perhaps to the whole of India.In his historical Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualised an independent milkweed butterfly state for the Muslims of North-West India. As Iqbal selected Jinnah to lead the Muslims and Jinnah articulated the case of separate homeland for Pakistan so bright that even the Hindus and British could not stand in his way and gave way for the creation of Pakistan. Jinnah as a brilliant lawyer and politician, his sense of practical and achievable set him quite apart from the visionary Iqbal. thence Pakistan became as a reality because of their endeavours. A writer has remarked thatBut in the midst of all phantom there shone a flickering light in Lahore. And this was Iqbal who stood steadfast by Jinnah in those trying years and helped him to charter the course of Indo-Muslim politics.CONCLUSIONIqbal died in 1938, but he was successfully converted Jinnah, from ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity to a communal Muslim leader. Till the end he gave advices to M.Ali Jinnah in political matters through his letters. later(prenominal) Jinnah adopted a resolution for Pakistan movement in Lahore session of the Muslim League in 1940. later on the Lahore resolution was passed in Lahore session on 24th March 1940, Quaid-i-Azam said Iqbal is no more amongst us, but had he been alive he would have been happy to know that we did exactly what he wanted us to do.His politics can be judge from the following message of Mr.JinnahTo me he was a friend, guide, philosopher and during the darkest moments through which the Muslim league had to go, he stood like a rock, and never flinched one single moment.I would like to finish my assignment with the quote of M.IqbalTrue political life begins not with the claiming of rights, but with the doing of duties.BIBLIOGRAPHYAhmad, S.Hassa n.1979. Iqbal, his political ideas as crossroads Aligarh Printwell publications.Chaghatai, M.Ikram.2003.Iqbal New Dimensionsa collection of unpublished and rare Iqbalian Studies Lahore Sang-e-Meel publications.Iqbal, Javed.1961,Stray Reflections(A notebook of Allama Iqbal) LahoreGhulam Ali publications.Iqbal, Javed.1956.Dr Iqbal LahoreMaktaba-i-Adam educational publication.Jeoffery,V.H.2003.Iqbals Vision and Pakistan today thoughts and facts KarachiRoyal book company.Sherwani,Latif Ahmed.1977.Speeches,Writings and Statements of Iqbal LahoreIqbal academy Pakistan.Shamloo.1945.Speeches and Statements of Iqbal LahorePakistan printing press.Sultana,Kishwar.1998.Allama Muhammad Iqbal as a politician(1926-1938) IslamabadNational book foundation.Vahid,S.A.1974.Glimpses of Iqbal KarachiIqbal academy Pakistan.Wahid,Syed Abdul.1976.Studies In Iqbal LahoreMuhammad Ashraf press.