U Decide

PICO score of 730 and has no late payment in last year and has no defaulted loan in the last five years. I have to give her this loan with the bank's prime rate plus 0. 5%. Brandon Sketches Case I would approve the loan for Brandon because he has a good PICO Score of 650. He has no late payment in last year and no defaulted loans In the last five years.I would need some information about his current employment and Income status, and If he as any other loans because he Is requesting for a large sum of money ($300,000). He deserves the 1. 5% interest of the Bank. Christine McDougall Case I can approve her loan with the bank's prime rate plus 2. 5%. I would ask for more Information regarding her current employment and Income status, and If she has any other loan. I will ask for more details on her late payment. Has Christine ever pall back the balance plus Interest and late tee?We will remember that she has a PICO core of 540 which is acceptable. Daniel Blankness's I will approve Daniel s loan because He has an excellent PICO score of 680 even though he has one late payment. He is still good if he doesn't have any other outstanding balance. Eric Mooring's Case According to the bank's lending policy Daniel cannot be approved (His final two payments due not arrive at all). He asked for a loan that is not too big and has an acceptable PICO score of 490 according to the bank's policy.I would ask if Eric wants to put more down for down-payment. Because if he pays more down-payment the less chance he will default the loan. I will ask if Daniel is currently employed and what his income and debt status are. I will consider approve the loan if everything meet the expectation he can pay back on time the loan and ask the Bank president' approval. The bank can charge higher interest rate of 4. 5% above prime rate which is still risky.

Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships With Children, Young People And Adults

Why effective communication is important We are more likely to communicate information to one another if we have positive relationships. Parents and other adults who come into the school are more likely to give beneficial support if communication is strong and effective – this, in turn, benefits pupils. It is also important for pupils that we model effective communication skills. This means checking what we are saying sometimes in moments of stress or excitement, so that they can understand what our expectations are in school.If we ask pupils to behave in a particular way when communicating and then forget to do so ourselves, they will find it harder to understand the boundaries of what is acceptable. Effective communication and positive relationships do not happen by chance. You should think about the way you relate to others and the messages that this sends out. In situations where communication breaks down, misunderstandings can lead to bad feeling.1. 1:2 The principles of relationship buildingThe principles of relationship building with children  and adults in any context are that if others are comfortable in our company, they will be more likely to communicate effectively. Where people do not get along or are suspicious of one another, they are likely to avoid one another wherever possible. Positive relationships are not something which should be left_ to chance and it is important to consider the ways in which we can develop them. We build relationships with others in school on a daily basis in a number of different ways.Although you may do some of these without necessarily thinking  about it, it is worth taking time to consider whether you do all of the following? Effective communication – this is the key area for developing relationships with others and also covers many different forms of communication (see below)? Showing respect – in order to develop positive relationships with others, it is very important to be courteous and respectful, and to listen to their points of view. Adults and pupils with whom you work may also be from different cultures and have different beliefs or values from your own.You  should ensure that you acknowledge and respect the views of others at all times and take time to remember names and preferred forms of address? Being considerate – take the time to consider the positions of others. You may be working with a child or adult who is under particular pressure at a given time and need to understand why they may have behaved or reacted in a certain way or out of character?Remembering issues which are personal to them – it will always help to build positive relationships if you enquire a_er particular aspects  of another person’s life – for example, if you know that a colleague is concerned about their child getting into a particular secondary school, or if you are aware that it is a child’s birthday? Taking time to listen to others – make sure that you take time to listen to other people, in particular if they are asking for advice or help, or if they need to confide in you. You should always show that you are interested in what they have to say and respond appropriately?Being clear on key points – when you have conversations with others in which you are giving  them information, you should always ensure that they are clear what you have said at the end of the discussion. This is because it can be easy to be distracted from the main point of the conversation. When talking to children, always ask them to repeat back to you what they need to do? Maintaining a sense of humour – although the nature of our work in school is important, we should also sometimes take time to see the funny side of different situations. Laughter can be a good icebreaker and is also a great way of relaxing and relieving stress.

Juvenile Justice Authority in Maine Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Juvenile Justice Authority in Maine - Term Paper Example Journals, books, and credible Government and educational websites have been used as references. The Juvenile Justice System In order to explore the juvenile justice authority activities in Maine, we must first understand the juvenile justice system of the state. The juvenile justice system in Maine is functional inside the greater juvenile justice framework of the United States. The theory behind this framework is based on extensive research, experience, and sociological introspection. Critical theorists and sociologists hold juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice in the terms of a class structured capitalist society. â€Å"They point to economic and social inequalities that increase the probability of lower-class youth turning to crime because so few opportunities are open to them. Critical criminologists contend that the origin of the concept of delinquency and juvenile justice in America is based on economic and class differences.† (Hesse and Lawrence, 2010, p. 59) The j uvenile justice authority in Maine practically implements the conceptual framework based on this theoretical perspective. Under the auspices of Maine Department of Corrections (MDOC), the juvenile services of the state seek to establish a society oriented approach that will give rise to a collaborative and supportive social system including the individuals along with their communities and families. Thus, the factors that put children at risk can be addressed and necessary action can be taken in proper time. Technically, the resultant functionary is both proactive and amply oriented to the social needs. Juvenile Justice in Maine: An Overview The Maine Department of Corrections (MDOC) regulates juvenile justice in the state through its Division of Juvenile Services, which is the main juvenile justice authority in the region. In their publication Taking Measure, the authorities have explicitly explained their mission in the following words: â€Å"To promote public safety by ensuring t hat juvenile offenders are provided with education, treatment and other services that teach skills and competencies; strengthen prosocial behaviors and require accountability to victims and communities.† (MDOC, Division of Juvenile Services, 2007, p. 3) The structure of the service framework is primarily based on the youth development centers. The two most prominent centers are: 1. The Long Creek Youth Development Center (LCYDC) 2. The Mountain View Youth Development Center (MVYDC) LCYDC: The center was originally named the Boys Training Center established in 1853. After several remodeling and adaptation drives, â€Å"it continues to redefine many of its program functions to enable a total multi-disciplined team approach in working with those committed and held within the facility.† (MDOC, 2011a) MVYDC: This facility started operation in 1998. â€Å"This secure facility replaced the use of county jails within the ten counties as the primary detention location for juven iles pending court action prior to sentencing† (MDOC, 2001b) It also serves the purpose of brief confinements. Moreover, the juvenile services have collaborated with the University of Southern Maine in order to embark on different social-scientific projects. These projects address the evolving needs of the juvenile justice framework. Many of the projects are designed to collected and exploit statistical data regarding juvenile delinquency and its effects in the

Child Abuse with Adopted children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Abuse with Adopted children - Essay Example There is an increase in the number of transnational adoptions. IV History Effects Weir 2011 2009 controversy on a Tennessee mother sending back her adopted child rudely. Bonnet 2011 Adoptive father sexually abusing girl child. Miller et al. 2007 Death of 18 adopted children in the US. V Summary As family is the most private space that exists for an individual, any attempt to monitor and interfere in what happens inside a family will result in rising eyebrows, and allegations of an intrusion into personal freedom. This is why the case of adopted children falling victims to child abuse, go unreported and un-remedied often. Still time and again there have been some such reports coming in. It is in this context that the issue of child abuse of adopted children needs to be studied more. In an adopted family, a child can possibly have a series of problems as compared to conventional biological families. These include, difficulties in forming a tie with the new parents who are strangers to the child, absence of support mechanisms outside family, socio-cultural and economic gap, parents’ attitudes and expectations, differences in cultural standards of parenting, issues of class, race and religion involved, etc. These can be remedied only through establishing government leve l and community level mechanisms to monitor the problems of adopted children and to interfere if necessary. There are class, race and religious feelings involved.

Power And Culture Within Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Power And Culture Within Organisations - Essay Example According to Edgar Schein (1985), organizational culture is that pattern of basic assumptions that are shared, and that a group learns in its endeavour to solve problems of internal integration and external adaptation. Further, these shared assumptions should have well worked in the past and are therefore qualify to be taught to the organization’s new members as a right way to think, perceive and feel with respect to these problems. These values and norms are the ones that control the way people act and interact with one another and with people outside the organization including other stakeholders. In the actual sense, an organization’s culture is actually its personality according to McNamara (2000). In this sense, different organizations have different organizational cultures more like people have different personalities. An organization may have a weak or strong culture generally (Parker, 2000). A strong culture exists where members of staff respond to stimulus as a result of their respect and appreciation for organizational values. In such a case, people tend to act in a given way since they believe that is the right way to act. A weak culture on the other hand is in place when staff members have little commitment to the organization’s values and therefore must be controlled through the application of bureaucracy and/or extensive procedures. According to Kennedy and Deal (1982), organizational culture is the way things are â€Å"here† done. In one of their research, the two measured organizations using two parameters – risk or uncertainty and feedback or response. According to the findings of this study, Kennedy and Deal noted that organizations may be distinctly classified into four with respected to culture. The four cultures include the process culture, the bet your company culture, the play hard/work hard culture, and the tough-guy macho culture. The process

Analysis of the individual causes of the problem on the production Essay

Analysis of the individual causes of the problem on the production system of Toyota - Essay Example Toyota is one of the best known automobile manufacturing companies in the world. Toyota however went into crises last year due to some technical problems that are related to its operations management systems.Two million cars were recalled because of defects. The defects have been traced to the production lines and the company has announced that the problem can be solved if cars with defects are sent for repairs with authorized dealers.So far, 77 complaints have been lodged in the Japan and about 100 in the United States. About 7 different brands are due for mass recall in Mexico as well. There have been mass recalls of some of the cars that are affected by these defects.The defects are related to accelerator pedals and out of position floor mats. This causes the accelerator system to jam and leads to overspeeding which can and have caused accidents in Japan, United States and Mexico. Preliminary research has shown that the overspeeding does not happen suddenly but gradually, and it i s not connected to the electronic systems of the affected cars. Clearly, the problem with these defective Toyota cars can be traced to the production systems of the manufacture of these cars. This research is a proposal on a diagnostic system for the analysis of the operations management system of the defective cars and a diagnosis of the source of the problems in the manufacturing system. The aim of the research is the diagnose and identify the cause of the defects in the Toyota cars affected by the accelerator system problems. ... Objectives: The objectives of the research is to: 1. Examine the normal manufacturing and quality control systems used by Toyota in the United States, Japan and Mexico (the affected countries of the problem). 2. Analysis of the research, design and manufacturing lapses that are responsible for the accelerator defects in the cars in question and the failure of quality control to detect the problems. 3. The scope of the problem and future implications of these problems in the production line of Toyota and analysis of best way of solving the problems at hand. Literature Review The case of Toyota indicates that there were numerous levels of problems and challenges that hit the company. Hiles (2011 p582) gives a series of empirical evidence that is collated from the Kelley Blue Book Survey which shows the impact of the recalls on various levels to Toyota. These affected the customers, suppliers, the worth of vehicles and dealers. Competitors also increased interest in their brands due to Toyota's lapses. Although one might be tempted to think that the problem of Toyota was mainly an Operations Management problem, these outstanding statistics and facts show that the problem had a knock-on effect on the various stakeholder interests of Toyota. This is because the nature of the car manufacturing industry is such that the engineering systems and operations are at the core of the activities of a given entity. And due to the potential fatal effect of any mistake or error in manufacturing, a car manufacturer needs to take care to ensure that the best is done to ensure that cars parts and assembling lines do the right thing to prevent defects. Thus the scope of the problem and any effort to rectify it will mean correcting the lapses in the operations of Toyota and

Read an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Read an article - Essay Example However, a contradiction in this theory came in the form of Hayek, who believes that it is not a problem of lack of private property, rather; the lack of knowledge that presents a challenge to socialism (Hoppe 143). This paper will examine the author of Socialism: A Property or Knowledge Problem and his line of thought. This is while focusing on what ideas he might offer the audience in terms of the concepts of socialism, and how it might affect them. Hans-Hermann Hoppe chose to discredit Hayek with his theory, saying that it was completely false and ridiculous. In an effort to discredit Hayek and his school of thought, he brings forth arguments to support Mises’s thesis. Mises’s thesis advocates for the presence of private property in land and production factors for there to be proper channels of economic calculation. There being a medium of exchange in the form of money, it would then be possible to calculate and make comparison of the economic situation. Hoppe makes the assumption that Hayek does not have the right arguments to support his thesis about socialism. Hayek purports that socialism and its ultimate flaw is that knowledge about certain circumstances of place and time exist in widely dispersed form, as the personal possession of various individuals (Hoppe 144). Hoppe may have an inclination toward Mises’s school of thought. ... The author, Hoppe, criticizes Hayek by asking a question that would be on the minds of the audience about why clubs, firms, and families exist if his line of thought were to be true. It is Hayek’s belief that a decentralized use of knowledge may lead to the solving of socialism’s ills. In this decentralized use of knowledge, individuals are left to their own devices and can make their decisions (Hoppe 144). To some extent, the above may be true. However, the author tries to explain that when individuals are left to their own decision making abilities, it would be next to impossible to ignore the central plan, as they would not be constrained by the normal things in society. He further claims that if the deciding factor or the solution to socialism’s problems was a decentralized form of thinking, it would be a daunting task to explain why the problems faced by socialism are different from those faced by any other social order. According to Mises and his followers, this line of thought is beside the point. Hoppe points out that it is not the existence of centralized knowledge, or the lack of the use of decentralized knowledge that brings problems to socialism, rather; the absence of property. This ultimately leads to the lack or absence of prices (Hoppe 145). The author claims that Hayek came to realize what Mises had said, but tried to integrate it into his own thesis. This, according to Hoppe, was an elaborate attempt to create a higher and much better theory or line of thinking with regards to the socialism theory, which failed miserably. It is clear from the above that agreeing that socialism’s central or key problem lies in the lack of knowledge. According to the author, private property is the only channel through which information can be transferred.

Medical Specialties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medical Specialties - Essay Example Pulmonologists specialize in treatment of diseases and other conditions of the lungs. This is subspecialty of internal medicine, and it is necessary that one becomes an internist first before being a pulmonologist (What as a Pulmonologist, 2000). An infectious disease specialist is an internist or podiatrist concerned with the treatment of infectious diseases, especially of "sinuses, heart, brain, lungs, urinary tract, bowel, bones and pelvic organs." Usually, they work in conjunction with other specialists to diagnose and treat more effectively such diseases (Infectious Disease, n.d.). An allergist is a specialist treating allergies. Allergies are the body's defense mechanism against foreign objects such as dust or other particles. However good is the purpose of allergies, they are very uncomfortable for the person having them. Essentially, allergists are there to give a person some kind of relief (Finegold, 2001). Podiatrists are specialists on foot care. There are many diseases and discomforts involving the feet, and even injuries of the feet may cause complications. Therefore, these make the podiatrist important in many ways (Podiatrists, 2007). Proctologists are medical specialists on the diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. ... Orthopedist Orthopedists are specialists "concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the bones and joints." They are often consulted when people especially players and sports enthusiasts are injured. Comprehensive Information on Internists Introduction As stated earlier, internists specialize in the treatment of internal organs. The purpose of this report is to provide short but comprehensive information on the specialist on internal medicine. It is the author's hope that any pre-medical or medical student will consider being an internist after reading this report. Education and Training To be an internist, a person must first complete the standard four years of undergraduate studies and four years at medical school to become a medical doctor. After which, the would-be internist must spend three to eight years of on-the-job training called residency (General Internist, n.d.). For information on state-specific requirements on how to be an internist, one can consult the Education Online Search's website on the following hyperlink: http://www.education-online-search.com/programs/medical_training/ Common Ailments, Conditions, or Diseases Internists must work with several other specialists depending on the internal organ and disease treatment a particular internist is specializing. For example, if an internist wants to treat hearts, he or she must learn to work with a cardiologist. This is necessary because an internist may not be specifically trained in the specialized procedure needed to treat a disease. Sometimes, internists are not really working with patients having problems in internal organs. It just so happens that they are the available personnel. It happens that they may work together with a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist

Employment loyalty on rhythm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment loyalty on rhythm - Essay Example I am very interested to find out what drives employee loyalty and commitment considering the fact that the company and its sector are at a disadvantage in the areas of stability, resources, among other advantages that bigger companies enjoy. Rabin (2003) extensively discussed loyalty and its effect on organizational behavior. According to him, along with the identification with an organization, employee loyalty represents an individual and psychological bond between an employee and an organization. (p. 867) That is why it is pivotal in overall strategy of companies to produce value for consumers, achieve competitive advantage and, eventually, achieve profitability. Needless to say, such fact has driven numerous studies and research. As a result, the corpus of literature on the subject is quite extensive and comprehensive. Specifically, the subjects include works about how employee loyalty contributes to an organizations’ competitiveness, how it reflects the organization, measurement and evaluation of employee loyalty, among other issues. Some of the studies undertaken in regard to employee loyalty that are relevant in this paper’s objectives are outlined below: 1. Swayne, Duncan and Ginter (2006) explained how employee loyalty could determine the kind of culture and values an organization has. According to him, this aspect helps consumers determine whether the firm has an outstanding quality in service delivery because loyal employees mean companies who know how to value people. (p. 185) Loveman (1998) used the service profit chain framework in his effort to link employee satisfaction and loyalty to customer satisfaction and financial performance. The author underscored that the framework hypothesized relationships between employee, customer and financial outcomes. The emphasis on these three elements makes this framework an interesting resource for

Reaction Paperon Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer Essay

Reaction Paperon Overthrow by Stephen Kinzer - Essay Example The second part involves overthrows that were because of covert actions. During this time, the world’s big countries were involved in a cold war. Kinzer argues that the reasons for the overthrows were mainly to assist anti-colonial elements in some of the affected countries, make changes in the democratic system, and to protect the U.S. security. However, the principal objectives of carrying out the overthrows were to establish U.S. business that acts as desired as stipulated. The U.S. also had in mind the ambition to expand and access needed resources necessary for the expansion. The need to obtain new markets and strengthen the U.S. economy at the expense of its competitors also contributed to this. In part one of the Overthrow, the U.S. carried out the overthrows with the purpose of protecting its citizens and companies operating in these affected countries. For example, the Nicaraguan president was overthrown because he compromised the American security and did not promote democratic principles. The then president of the U.S. ordered the Nicaraguan president to be overthrown with the idea of defending the right of American companies to operate as they wished in Nicaragua. The same case applied to Hawaii, the government was overthrown to help American companies get access to the sugar plantations. This was an opportunity to invest in those plantations for the benefit of the Americans. When the U.S. joined hands with the rebels in Cuba to fight the Spanish rule, they did not realize that the U.S. was doing this to help itself. Immediately after the government was overthrown, the U.S was given the right to maintain military bases in Cuba. The U.S. government gave Cubans permissi on to rule themselves as long it had to be consulted before Cuba made any decision. During this Imperial period, the U.S. government also overthrew the Puerto Rico government. Puerto Rico was under the Spanish rule and the U.S. was not happy about this. Kinzer urges

Education Reform Essay Example for Free

Education Reform Essay Education reform has been a heavily debated topic over the past several decades. This dispute, over education standards, peaked my interest due to my belief that the majority of students in public schools across the United States are underperforming in comparison to other first world countries. On the other hand some teachers and education professionals consider the existing policies adequate in teaching students, and they oppose any new regulations bestowed on by the federal government. These professionals fear that the outcome of increased government action will only result in further standardized testing. There are a plethora of aspects pertaining to education reform, I will just be focusing on a few, including; whether additional schooling controls economic prosperity, if written exams indicate the knowledge a student retains from a particular course, and should the federal government regulate the education system? By beginning some perfunctory research I quickly decided that the United States was in fact in dire need for reform. I chose to investigate further into the issue to find a clearer understanding of what schools and faculty can do to better assist their students. The process of establishing and supporting my thesis was a culmination of multiple components. My Ultimate goal is for the reader to fully comprehend the impurities of public education. My research began with determining a topic, then the research portion of the assignment commenced. Research was not as easy as entering your topic in on a search engine, the sources had to be specific to your topic, from a trustworthy publisher, and factual. Additionally there were requirement as to the medium of sources we needed to incorporate, such as a book, an interview, and a periodical.

Six steps to writing a successful narrative Essay Example for Free

Six steps to writing a successful narrative Essay A narrative should be able to tell a story, whether it relates to fiction or non-fiction ideas. In writing any form of literary narrative, several steps should be followed to arrive at a coherent and consistent whole. The first step involves the identification of an appropriate topic, that which stirs the best interest of the target reader. It is in this first step that the attention of the reader will be established. Secondly, the major details that will be interwoven into the storyline must be gathered, included in which are the characters, setting, conflict and the events that make up the plot. Without this, the narrative may be exposed into several risks like, disorganized thoughts and missing details. It may further contribute confusion to readers since this part lays all the foundations of pre-creating a story. Subsequently, the results of the gathered information must undergo the assessment of an instructor or any learned narrative writer. This serves as a guide whether supplementary accounts must be added or eliminated. The fourth step, which necessarily deals with the construct of an outline, takes account of the introduction, the main events and the conclusion. Gathered details are coherently fabricated according to the writer’s choice of style, whether for a tone of whodunit, essay, poems etc. It is best to evaluate the details of this next step through sensory details. Moreover, transitions and dialogues must be properly observed to help guide the readers on the events the writer tries to show. For corrections to the written work, editing and proofreading courtesy of an instructor constitute the fifth step. Finally, the corrected story can now be shared among others to live up the ideas incorporated in it. References http://yennadon. sd42. ca/online/langarts/narrative/narrativewriting. html (July 2007) http://www. bookrags. com/articles/7. html ( July 2007)

Small Group Communication

Small Group Communication Leon Hulse, Mike Hugo, Lily Purimitla, Laura Straub, Ju Hee Shin, Rachel Quick,Danny Yip AJ. Shawna Warner Group Research Paper: Group Ethics Throughout this semester, the Small Group Communication class has been studying various topics regarding the different aspects of groups. Groups, to most living individuals, is an important concept that penetrates our lives in many different ways. We have friend groups, family groups, work groups, project groups, and even game groups. Regardless of our willingness, the concept of groups will always be a major part of life. With that said, it is crucial for each individual to understand the different aspects of a group, which is the foundation behind this research paper. This paper is written with the intention of gaining an insight on the different features of groups and to demonstrate the application of theories learned in class. The paper will begin with ethical leadership, which is followed by a discussion on personal ethics in group decision making, and will end with multicultural group ethics. Ethical Leadership Leaders can be categorized into different groups according to behaviours and, in most occasions, it is not only the leader who defines the nature of leadership, but also those who are actively participating within the team that alter leadership behaviour. Gary Yukl in his book Leadership in Organizations writes about three different types of leadership behaviour: task-oriented, relations-oriented and participative leadership (Yukl 107-08). In an ideal setting, a leader would have a balance between all these behaviours. However, most of the time Now, we know that in order to be able to lead and direct ethically, one must understand the responsibility and the core meaning of what ethical leadership is. Ethics is a principle of conduct that acts to govern those who are under it (Ethic). In order to understand ethical leadership it is important to first understand the meaning of ethics and how culture of an organization highly affects it. Ethical leadership can be seen as the code of conduct, laws, policies and values that leaders follow in order to emphasize a concern for the interest of others and respecting the members as not just instruments in the group, but as whole and complete members of the team. With that, four theories of Ethical Leadership will be discussed in this section, which include ethical pluralism, communitarianism, authentic leadership and transformational leadership. First, the term ethical pluralism refers to a formed idea that there are numerous ways of defining what is morally right or wrong, and not all of them will match an individuals personal norms (Ethical Pluralism). This implies that pluralism does not refer to several perspectives of the same thing but, in general, having several theories according to different leaders and settings. Moreover, this theory advances that there is a plurality of moral norms that cannot be reduced to one basic norm (Schaber 1). Next, the paper will discuss the idea of communitarianism. Inthe Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, it is stated that communitarians argued that the standards of justice must be found in forms of life and traditions of particular societies and hence can vary from context to context (Bell). This means that both the views of people and leaders in a group are dependent on the various interpretations of the societies they belong to. This theory focuses more on the rights of the group as a whole rather than the individuals in a group (Communitarian Ethics). A leader who employs this approach emphasises the common good of all people, recognising all the dimensions of a living human being in a society. A communitarian leader encourages moral reasoning, ethical dialogue, collaborative leadership and development of moral character. The next topic to be addressed is that of authentic leadership. Leaders who fully believe in themselves and trust their ability as they are true to themselves are known as authentic leaders. Moreover, these leaders allow and empower group development by encouraging individual members. This theory believes that an authentic leader should possess certain characteristics. Michael Hyatt, author of Authentic Leadership, writes that an authentic leader possesses insight, demonstrates initiative, exudes influence, has impact in his or her action and manifests integrity (Hyatt). There are still more features of an authentic leader as the context of the leaders culture plays a vital role in determining the leadership traits. The final theory of ethical leadership is transformational leadership. This is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. It is a relatively new approach to leadership that focuses on how leaders can create valuable and positive change in their followers, writes David Burkus in his article Transformational Leadership Theory.We can infer that this theory is helpful in leaders who are of the new age; leaders who are able to use traditional methods and theories to purposefully transform them for the betterment of the team or any setting they are a part of. With that, this research paper has finished its discussion on ethical leadership, which includes the four elements of ethical pluralism, communitarianism, authentic leadership and transformational leadership. These are, in short, basic theories that aid in understanding ethical leadership and how leaders can carefully employ one or multiple aforementioned theories to improve the performance and effectiveness of a system. Personal Ethics in Group Decision Making Writing in the context of organizational communication, Pamela Shockley-Zalabak identified decision-making as one of the most important functions of a group (252). However, good decision-making requires sound information (262), which in turn requires that group members communicate not only effectively (262), but also ethically (117). Shockley-Zalabak describes four habits of ethical communication that can be applied in most communicative situations (117). The first of these habits, which were developed by Rebecca Rubin and Jess Yoder based on work by Karl Wallace, is called the Habit of Search (117). This habit explores the idea of detailed research, working as a type of magnifying glass to analyze information that is taken into the group. Using this technique, groups can excavate into information received to decipher the smallest details so as not to miss any important facts. This can be used in decision making to analyze the problems that the group is facing, especially in regards to highly controversial issues. The idea here is that issues should not be oversimplified and should be looked at in all their parts. Tying this into ethics, the implementation of this habit leaves less room for faulty or inaccurate information. Each issue is looked at extensively through this lens to ensure there is no discrepancies in the facts received. The second habit is called the Habit of Justice (117). This habit also has to do with analysis of information, but on a different level. This habit allows for a much broader research database. There is more openness to different kinds of sources of information. The focus is not so much on specific information received as on the range of diverse accurate information. The focus here is more on the ethical side of making sure that all information is accurately portrayed and is fairly examined. This habit does not allow for discrimination, bias, or prejudice in regards to the evaluation of information. The main point is for the meaning of the information to remain undistorted by the opinions or bias of individuals. As in the name, justice and truth or accuracy are very important factors here. The third habit is called the habit of public versus private motivations (117). This habit is concerned primarily with transparency. It suggests that the ethical course of action during communication is to be open about motives and agendas and to clearly identify any potential for bias, conflicts of interest, or other factors that could exert an influence on the speakers perspective. It could also be as simple as identifying where a piece of information comes from. This allows the group to assign the information the proper weight in their discussion, rather than relying too heavily on biased information. For example, a group member who is closely related to one of the candidates under consideration by the group for interviewing for a class project should let the relationship be known. The final habit is respect for dissent (117). This means that rather than viewing different perspectives as threats and trying to squash them, the individual welcomes and even encourages them. By taking time to consider all aspects of the problem or explore more options for the decision, the group is better able to come to a solid solution or make an informed decision, rather than settling on a less effective course of action too quickly. Having a group atmosphere where it is safe and accepted to voice contrary viewpoints also helps to avoid groupthink (Rothwell 254). An example of this would be for a planning committee to consider suggestions for alternative dates for an event. By considering all factors, they could avoid causing scheduling conflicts or inconveniences that might have been overlooked if they just went with the first suggestion. Shockley-Zalabak summarized these habits in this way: Ethical communication behaviors promote participation, transparency, and accountability and support courageous actions (118). Practicing these habits in small group communication will not guarantee a good decision, but it will at least lay the foundations for good decision-making. Multicultural Group Ethics The meaningful success that can result from a diverse group of individuals has been a topic researched and challenged by many scholars throughout the years. Diversity extends itself across a wide spectrum that includes differences in ethnicities, gender, age, background, experiences, values, and culture (Rothwell 84). Everyone may approach one given situation differently, especially within an intercultural setting or when one set of ethics meets another. Ethics exist at the core of a person, the moral principles that govern ones own behavior (Ethic). In addition, ethics refers to the personal overarching moral perspectives derived from philosophical or religious instruction or inform our day-to-day behavior (Knapp). The challenge that this topic presents is how does ethics exist in a multicultural group? A researcher in multicultural studies, Malcolm MacDonald, has noted a shift in ones self-consciousness as they begin to recognize differences in beliefs, attitudes and values that are present in a multicultural setting. He suggests two things can happen at this point, either one can tolerate these differences or embrace these differences (MacDonald 3). Multicultural educators are often found teaching these practices in order to create the needed cohesion within multicultural settings/groups. On the other hand, other researchers have identified the commonality of discrimination and rejection of individuals that takes place based on ones differences and beliefs (Kymlicka 153). Albeit, these three options of tolerating, embracing, or rejecting the differences found in others, leads into the concept of the overall ethics of a group. Ones own personal ethics will undoubtedly directly influence the ethics of a group. For example, Jane is a part of a multicultural group that has agreed upon not disclosing any of the groups information until after the work has been presented to the public. In doing this, each member will be showing their loyalty to all the other group members. This is a sign of the group creating its own set of ethics. Jane immediately agreed upon this notion because loyalty remains within her personal ethics. Within Janes culture, there is a strong ethical code of truthfulness that she stands strong beside. During a group meeting, there was discussion on having just one person do the groups entire work even though there were specific instructions that one person did not do all of the work. Following this, the group went ahead with just one person doing all of the work and reported at the end that everyone did their own part. Through this process, Jane rejected this group ethic by refusing to agree upon this, however, the group just continued onward. An important aspect within multicultural group ethics is creating a safe place where each member has confidence within the group that ideas will not be torn down or dismissed for any given reason. However, a group ethic of trust can be built to ensure that everyone feels comfortable to share his or her thoughts. Creating an open place for communication to take place. Stepping outside of one individuals viewpoint for the success of the group is key -as long as it is not harmful-one must remember to never dismiss who they truly are and what they believe in the process. Indeed, multicultural group ethics requires communication from all group members in order for success to take place. Creating an open place for multicultural differences to weave themselves in the overall group for its success is a process whereby the group creates its own set of ethics that will lead all of its members down a united path. Conclusion Once again, this paper is written so that insights regarding the various aspects of a group can be gained. This paper began by pondering the topic of ethical leadership and four theories derived from this particular topic. Next, the paper analyzed the topic of personal ethics in group decision making based on the work produced by Shockley-Zalabak and several other scholars. To end, the paper examined multicultural group ethic, which meditates on the idea of creating a diverse yet harmonious group; a group that develops its own set of ethics that will allow all members to remain unified. Lastly, it must be emphasized yet again that the concept of group will always be present in many aspects of our lives. Therefore, it is of utmost significance that an individual seeks to understand this concept to the best of his or her ability. Works Cited Bell, Daniel. Communitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2016 ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta, 21 Mar. 2016, plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/ entries/communitarianism. Accessed 2 Mar. 2017. Burkus, David. Transformational Leadership Theory. David Burkus.com, 18 Mar. 2010, davidburkus.com/2010/03/transformational-leadership-theory. Accessed 9 Mar. 2017. Communitarian Ethics. Regis University, rhchp.regis.edu/HCE/EthicsAtAGlance/ CommunitarianEthics/CommunitarianEthics_01.html. Accessed 15 Mar. 2017. Ethic. Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017. Ethical Leadership Theories. SlideShare, uploaded by catsfood, 8 Mar. 2012, www.slideshare.net/catsfood/ethical-leadership-theories. Accessed 14 Mar. 2017. Ethical Pluralism. The EIESL Project, 2011, ethicsofisl.ubc.ca/?page_id=180. Accessed 9 Mar. 2017. Hyatt, Michael. Authentic Leadership: The Five Characteristics of Effective Leaders. MichaelHyatt.com, michaelhyatt.com/authentic-leadership-overview. Accessed 9 Mar. 2017. Knapp, Samuel. Ethics, Diversity, and Multiculturalism. Ethicalpsychology.com, 31 Oct. 2011, www.ethicalpsychology.com/2011/10/ethics-diversity-and- multiculturalism.html.ÂÂ   Accessed 5 Mar. 2017. Kymlicka, Will. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford U, 1995, books.google.co.th/books/about/Multicultural_Citizenship.html?id=w5Kaqqy- W78Credir_esc=y. Accessed 4 Mar. 2017. MacDonald, Malcolm N. The Ethics of Intercultural Communication. Original manuscript, University of Warwick, 2012, wrap.warwick.ac.uk/39215/1/WRAP_Macdonald_ PubDocView.asp.pdf. Accessed 4 Mar. 2017. Rothwell, J. Dan. In Mixed Company: Communicating in Small Groups and Teams. 8th ed., Cengage, 2013. Schaber, Peter. Ethical Pluralism. University of Zurich, ethik.uzh.ch/static/afe/downloads/publikationen/schaber/Schaber_Pluralism.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar. 2017. Shockley-Zalabak, Pamela. Fundamentals of Organizational Communication: Knowledge, Sensitivity, Skills, Values. 8th ed., Pearson, 2012. Yukl, Gary. Leadership in Organizations, 7th ed., Global ed., Pearson, 2010, corenet.org.pk/js/Gary-Yukl-Leadership-in-Organizations.pdf. Accessed 2 Mar. 2017.

Essay --

Keywords—recommender system; fuzzy system; social matchmaking; crisp set; fuzzy set I. INTRODUCTION In the ‘information era’, one of the key problems is to deal with more information than to practice to make practical decisions. User is bombarded with information whether or not he positively looks for it. Recommender systems are designed to help individuals to deal with this information overload problem and enable them to make evaluative decisions [1]. Traditional RS provides items, information and services to the user. These items are like products, movies, CDs, music, news, books etc. Tapestry [17] is the first manual RS and Usenet newsgroup launched by GroupLens is the first automatic collaborative filtering RS [6]. The most popular existing recommender systems are Amazon.com for e-shopping [7], MovieLens recommending movies, news by Googlenews, music at Pandora, EntreeC giving restaurants [11], CDs at CDNow [18] etc. In many past years, for building recommender systems various approaches have been developed that utilize non-personalized, demographic, content based , collaborative filtering, knowledge based and hybrid [11]. Evolved research areas like social matchmaking RS enable people to people matchmaking [2] like matrimony system recommends bride to groom and vice-versa. Using such systems, users can meet the other individuals of complementary needs like getting jobs (employee-employer), college admissions, mentor-mentees, student helper, addressing community issues, solve technical problems and counseling [3]. In social matchmaking systems, successful reciprocal recommendation occurs where two users find each other based on their complementary needs. For example, a bride finds the ideal groom, and the same groom li... ...= â€Å"Very Low† (0.2) The sample of recommendations for the active lady is shown in TABLE IV. The snapshot of the result for same expectations is given in Fig. 2. The system is not providing the partners who having â€Å"Low† value for crisp sets (religion, caste, occupation, diet, smoke, and drink). The experiments are observed for ten users and precision, recall, F1-measure is calculated. For getting these values, recommended results are used. The average of precision, recall and F-score are 79.45%, 85.65%, 82.43% respectively. V. CONCLUSIONS This paper focuses on Partial Fuzzy Recommender System used for matrimony in the context of the Indian society. This system addresses the abundance of information and directs users to precise data requirements in terms of matches, eliminating irrelevant information. Recommendations can be further improved for reciprocity.

The Zodiac Signs and Human Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

The Zodiac Signs and Human Behavior My belief is that the nature of our behavior is based on astronomy; hence the reason that people who share the same zodiac sign have very similar characteristics, and sometimes a combination of people with certain zodiac signs cannot get along or are very compatible. Sometimes I can tell from a person’s sign because of their behavior, and likes and dislikes. Learning more about astrology and the zodiac signs helps us to understand people and their actions. Many argue that it is coincidence, but the odds are too high to be that. It was not up until 200 years ago that people started identifying their zodiac sign with the position of the Sun. So when a person is asked what is his or sign, the Sun was passing through on the day that person was born. This can be demonstrated on a birth chart. Our birth charts are special "sky maps" which reflect the quality of the exact moment we drew our first breath. With that first breath, we each began our own incredible hero's journey through life on planet Earth. The birth positions of the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto all play their own unique symbolic roles as messengers and ambassadors of the universe. The argument is that some people question why the description of the sign does not fit them. The answer is that there are three parts to the birth chart: the sun, the moon, and the ascendant. The sun (fast) travels through all 12 zodiac signs during the course of approximately a year. The moon (faster) travels through all 12 zodiac signs during the course of approximately a month, and the ascendant (fastest): travels through all 12 zodiac signs during the course of a 24 hour day. Also, a birth chart and interpretation or either a horoscope and compatibility report cannot be accurate for everyone born under a specific zodiac sign unless the astrologer has accurate information about the time of birth, date of birth and place of birth. Sometimes the time is not known and an astrologer will use 12:01 P.M. which, while not as accurate as it should be, will put one as close to the target as possible. Without this information everything one reads about one’s sign anywhere will be gen eralized information. Cancer, for example, is located in the astrological element of Water. Of the four astrological elements (Fire, Earth, Air, and... ...thers in order to make your life a more happier and worthwhile journey and a system to see if a match between you and another will offer you a greater chance at happiness based on the combination of your charts. A Compatibility report or Synastry interpretation and Chart Wheel combines your chart and a mates to form a brand new entity (personality) called relationship. The sign, the rising sign and other placements, in most cases, will be different than either your chart or your mate's chart. This shows what strengths you will be able to call upon in the relationship and what weaknesses to overcome. A Birth Chart and Interpretation or either a Horoscope and compatibility report cannot be accurate for everyone born under a specific Zodiac sign unless the Astrologer has accurate information about the time of birth, date of birth and place of birth. Place of residence is important in the casting of daily Horoscopes. Sometimes the time is not known and an Astrologer will use 12:01 P.M. which, while not as accurate as it should be, will put you as close to the target as possible. Without this information everything you read about your sign anywhere will be generalized information.

Essay --

Foucault and Nietzsche challenge the hidden purposes of historians in their search for origins, demonstrating that an accurate understanding of history rectifies one of any beliefs of moral origins. In this paper, I will elaborate what Foucault thinks an accurate understanding of history regarding punishment truly is. I am going to clarify this concept by focusing on the first chapter of Foucault’s book, Discipline and Punish. Foucault starts out the first chapter, The body of the condemned, by contrasting Damiens gruesome public torture with a detailed schedule of a prison that took place just eighty years later. Foucault is bringing the reader’s attention to the distinct change in punishment put in place in less than a century. It gets the reader to start thinking about the differences between how society used to punish people and the way that we do today. Foucault states that earlier in time the right to punish was directly connected to the authority of the King. Crimes committed during this time were not crimes against the public good, but a personal disrespect to the King himself. The public displays of torture and execution were public affirmations of the King’s authority to rule and to punish. It was after many years when the people subjected to torture suddenly became sympathized, especially if the punishment was too excessive for the crime committed. As a result, at the end of the 18th Century, Foucault mockingly tells the story of how our society became â€Å"humane† and the public cried out for punishment without torture. When the invention of prisons came about, most people chose to forget the disappearance of public executions. Foucault states: â€Å"Today we are rather inclined to ignore it: perhaps in its time, it gave r... ...d essential at the moment of birth. â€Å"The origin always precedes the Fall. It comes before the body, before the world and time; it is associated with the gods, and its story is always sung as a theogony.† (Foucault, Page 79) This quote explains why we like to pin point an ideal origin and dispute the likelihood the idea of evolution. Ultimately, Foucault has shown that punishment does not have one origin that can be traced down in history but that it is a combination of a never-ending cycle. A few years from now, we will evolve and there will be another level of power in charge that will come along with different rules and punishment. We will look back and be astounded at the way that we punished people, and call that the new barbaric ways of our society. This shows how the change in power is what determines the type of punishment we enforce and not by our morals.

Asian Americans Essay

Asians are not a homogenous group. They do, however, constitute a significant minority group in the United States. Asian Americans represent many distinct subgroups that speak different languages, worship through different religions, and practice different customs and beliefs. The main groups are East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, Korean), Pacific Islanders, Southeast Asians (Thai, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian), and South Asian (Indian and Pakistani). Threads of similarities may run through the subgroups, but they all have distinct histories, origins, and cultural roots. Among these groups, differences also exist within national groups, families, and individuals themselves. Some Asians were born in the United States, while others come from abroad. Some are affluent and come with highly developed skills while others are barely literate. Regardless of success or acculturation, many Asians are stereotyped as the â€Å"model minority† because often the Asian student is often the one who is at the head of the class and is the valedictorian at graduation. Many people believe that the Confucian ideas that stress family ideals, respect for elders, deferred gratification, and discipline, are the reason for high educational achievement. Studies show that Asian Americans are more likely to believe that success in life is connected to what has been studied in school. American schooling may contradict the fundamental cultural beliefs of Asians because it emphasizes individualism and competition, while the ethnic identify of Asian children is often based on their relationship to the group and allegiance to family. Academic achievement and upward mobility are viewed as an obligation for the maintenance of the family, which is the responsibility of all family members. Additionally, Asian parents teach their children to respect authority, feel responsibility for relatives, and show self-control. School failure is seen as a lack of will, and this failure can be alleviated by increasing parental restrictions. Baruth and Manning (1992) claim that Asian American children need reinforcement from the teacher, and work more efficiently in quiet, wellstructured surroundings. These children appear to be more dependent, conforming, and obedient by placing the family’s welfare before their own desires. Asians may be confused with the apparent teacher/student informality of the American classroom, and function better with structure and organization. (Baruth & Manning, 1992). Asian cultures also value the idea of humility and/or self-effacement. Children may not volunteer to participate in the classroom until specifically asked by the teacher. Drawing attention to oneself by virtue of misbehaving might cause great distress and result in â€Å"losing face† because children are taught to value silence, listen more than speak, speak softly, and be modest in dress and behavior. The following suggestions are offered by Feng (1994) as a formula for teachers to address issues concerning the diversity of Asian American cultures. It should be noted, however, that these suggestions could be implemented for any ethnic group. Get to know the customs, values, and traditions of various cultures, and learn the conditions under which students came to the United States. Try to visit the students’ homes and get to know the families. Learn a few words of the students’ native language to set the tone for communication. Encourage native language use at home. Use English-proficient interpreters with parents. Try to learn the children’s names and pronounce them correctly. Be careful not to encourage discord between home values and school expectations. For example, if the home expectation is conformity, don’t encourage the child to challenge the teacher. Academic expectation should be based on ability rather than stereotypical beliefs. Peer tutoring can be used for children who are not yet proficient in English. Know who make decisions for the child and utilize the natural support system. Develop strong home-school links for communication. Avoid assumptions about children’s prior knowledge and experience (e.g., not every child has experienced a birthday party). Discover what you can about Asian parent networks. The best way to remove a cultural barrier is to appear sincere. Common Characteristics of Many Asian Cultures (Culture grams) Greetings: Bow or nod Individuals do not touch each other Little or no public display of affection Stand far apart (even farther than Americans do) Gestures: Smiling and laughing often indicate embarrassment Little or no affection is shown in public It is impolite to speak loudly Hand and arm gestures are not often used in conversation People’s sneezes are not usually acknowledged. People are beckoned by waving all the fingers with the palm of the hand facing down. Pointing is done with the entire hand. Japanese say no by shaking the hand from side to side with the palm forward, and point to themselves with their pointer finger facing their nose. People must sit erect with both feet on the floor; it is impolite to put an ankle on the knee. Yawning is impolite. Vietnamese men do not offer to shake hands with women. General attitudes: Society is group oriented. Loyalty is to the group, the family, and to one’s superiors as opposed to personal feelings. Humility and self-effacing comments are normal. It is essential to act similar to or in harmony with the crowd. People strive to conform in appearance (even when wearing the latest Western styles, people must try to look like everyone else). Reserve and modesty must be observed at all times. It is important to save face at all times, for self and others. People will often allow others to escape potential embarrassment with dignity. Goals and decisions are made with the good of the group in mind, not for the personal benefit of any individual. Time: Being late is impolite. People are prompt or a little bit early (for social as well as business affairs). Family: The family is extremely important. The family has a strong tradition of respect and loyalty. There is a strong sense of family reputation and family obligation. Elders  are highly respected. Many members of the extended family (particularly in- laws) live together. Cultural Backgrounds Teaching and learning styles reflect cultural backgrounds. Students who have teachers from their same culture have little problem understanding the cues provided by the teacher. Students will already be familiar with the appropriate interactional behaviors expected in the classroom. Some students are from cultures with values that promote field dependence (a more community oriented style), while other cultures are inclined to be field independent, which encourages independence and competition. With proper instruction, field-dependent and field- independent students can learn to be bicognitive; that is, their learning styles can be expanded to function appropriately in any given situation. Teachers need to provide activities that incorporate all types of learning styles. If they are aware of their own cultural learning styles and preferences, teachers will be better prepared to recognize the learning styles of their students. Stereotyping Stereotyping can happen when false and exaggerated characteristics of a group are attributed to the individual, but socio typing involves an accurate generalization about cultural groups as a whole. If teachers misinterpret the learning style data and make decisions based on incorrect assumptions, students can be hurt or limited in their school experience. Mainstream teachers are often at odds with their diverse students because they are unaware of the differing cultural values they bring to the classroom. To promote effective teaching, teachers need to plan curriculum and instruction to incorporate the learning styles of their students. If students are uncomfortable in class, they may become bored, unresponsive, or test poorly. Classroom Interaction Based on cultural norms, participation structures describe the interactions of students in the classroom, when and how to speak, and what to speak about. Teachers may misinterpret inappropriate or awkward classroom interaction, as every culture has individual norms that dictate proper classroom behavior and student-teacher interaction. Directness in speech is valued in the American cultures. â€Å"Don’t beat around the bush,† â€Å"Get to the  point,† and â€Å"The bottom line is†¦,† are indicators of the values placed on direct speech. â€Å"Indirect speech† is an objective of cultural patterns held by Asians, Native Americans, and many Latin American cultural groups. It is important to â€Å"save face† by not embarrassing others or shaming another person. High-context cultures (such as Japanese) do not have to talk much because the members of the society communicate with intrinsic knowledge of how others think, feel, and what they ex pect. Low-context cultures (such as American, Swiss and German) must be very specific and explain everything- what is expected, what the rules are, and how things should be done. These cultural expectations are mirrored by how people think and act. Body Language Miscommunication occurs during verbal interaction as well as through body language. Kinesics (the study of body language) includes facial expressions, posture, gestures, body movements, eye contact, or any ritual, that conveys messages or meaning for a culture. The Japanese bow is an example of kinesics. From the American standpoint, a bow is just a hello or good-bye gesture. However, to the Japanese (and some other Asian cultures), a bow can be quite complex because a deeper meaning can be conveyed by the bow. The lower-status individual must begin the bow, and must bow lower than the higher-status person. When the individuals bowing are equals in society, the bow is simultaneous and of the same depth. It can be erroneous to attempt to read someone’s behavior based on our own frames of reference. Nonlinguistic Communication Every culture has its own way of depicting the following domains of nonlinguistic communication: Paralinguistic: Sounds that accompany language and vocalizations that replace speech. Kinesics: The study of body motion, gestures, unconscious body movement. Oculesics: Eye contact and motion to indicate meaning. Individuals from some cultures show respect and interest by making eye contact (e.g. Americans) while other cultures show respect by not making eye contact (i.e., Haiti, and Puerto Rico). Haptics: Location, frequency, and contexts in which people touch. Proxemics: The unconscious use and organization of personal space. Chronemics: Perception and use of time. Monochronic time: Doing one thing at a time, in a linear fashion (e.g., American). Polychronic time: Doing many things at a time (e.g., Hispanic). All cultures operate on their own systems of communication, and these beliefs will be manifested within the everyday context of the classroom. Knowledge of nonverbal communication specific to other cultures will help teachers to understand the students they teach, and well as students’ parents. Educators must be careful not to make the mistake of judging people’s emotions by using their own cultural indicators. Not everyone shows grief, anger, happiness, and embarrassment, or other emotions in the same manner. Students with teachers from their same culture have little problem understanding the cues provided by the teacher and the appropriate interactional behaviors expected in the classroom. Those children and teachers from differing cultures do not know the rules of each other’s cultural rules and have difficulty inte rpreting correct teacher-student interactions. Although not the panacea to end all classroom problems, effective teaching is more apt to take place if both the teacher and student are aware of the benefits of integrating appropriate instructional materials that correspond with culturally congruent teaching and learning styles. Knowing that cultural patterns drive behavior, teachers who are aware that their students have differing cognitive styles are able to adapt their classrooms to include activities that incorporate all types of learning in their teaching. The teacher will begin to understand why some students experience problems when their natural learning styles are incompatible with the teaching style of the teacher. Various researchers have pointed out that Asian students tend to be highly visual learners. Hispanics are generally auditory learners, and non-Westerners are more inclined to learn through tactile and kinesthetic modes. The following information is given as a general guide for teachers to better understand the needs and styles of individual students. Individual personalities will always preside over the overarching cultural characteristics, yet teaching will be more effective and teachers can make modifications and adaptations to their curriculum and if they are aware of cultural differences. Hispanics Carrasquillo (1991) notes that Hispanic students are diverse due to different backgrounds, but they may share general experiences through family  structure, religious beliefs, and general customs. Spanish-speaking cultures include people from many countries (including the United States) with unique characteristics. The common thread is the fact that they all speak Spanish, albeit with varying degrees of fluency, accents, intonation, verb structures (i.e. tu, usted, and vos) and certainly different connotations for similar words. These societal variations can be likened to the differences among the United States, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Jamaica, and South Africa. Culture grams (produced by Brigham Young University) offer cultural information as an â€Å"aid to the understanding of, feeling for, and communication with other people.†

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-nine

TyrionThey extradite my parole, Tywin Lannister tell.They do, my schoolmaster. The messengers congress serviceman was benumbed by exhaustion. On the breast of his macrocosmgled surcoat, the brindled boar of Crakeh every(prenominal) was half-obscured by dry f every out blood.One of your sons, Tyrion thought. He took a sip of wine and tell non a word, cerebrateing of Jaime. When he lifted his arm, throe shot through his elbow, reminding him of his experience instruct taste of appoint ment. He loved his brother, nonwithstanding he would non produce trea for certaind to be with him in the Whispering wood track for all the gold in Casterly sway.His lord mothers assembled captains and bannermen had fallen very quiet as the courier told his tale. The all sound was the scranch and hiss of the log burning in the distinguishth at the end of the long, draughty common dwell.After the hardships of the long rigid drive south, the prospect of even a single night in a n student lodging had cheered Tyrion officeily . . . though he instead wished it had not been this inn again, with all its memories. His fuss had set a grueling pace, and it had interpreted its toll. Men wounded in the involution kept up as scoop they could or were aband unmatchedd to fend for themselves. both morning they left a hardly a(prenominal) much by the roadside, men who went to re spewe never to wake. Every afternoon a few more than(prenominal) collapsed along the way. And any(prenominal)(prenominal) evening a few more deserted, stealing off into the dusk. Tyrion had been half-tempted to go with them.He had been upstairs, enjoying the comfort of a featherbed and the ecstasy of Shaes body beside him, when his squire had woken him to govern that a rider had arrived with dire news of Riverrun. So it had all been for cryptograph. The rush south, the endless agonistic marches, the bodies left beside the road . . . all for naught. Robb wicked had reached Rive rrun days and days ago.How could this happen? Ser Harys Swyft moaned. How? level after the Whispering Wood, you had Riverrun ringed in iron, surrounded by a smashing host . . . what madness manufacture Ser Jaime determine to split his men into trinity identify camps? Surely he knew how vulnerable that would impart them?Better than you, you chinless craven, Tyrion thought. Jaime energy play aim lost Riverrun, only if it angered him to hear his brother s consumeered by the comparables of Swyft, a unblushing lickspittle whose greatest accomplishment was marrying his equally chinless girl to Ser Kevan, and thereby attaching himself to the Lannisters.I would redeem d unitary the same, his uncle responded, a strong portion more calmly than Tyrion king sacrifice. You repre move on never lift upn Riverrun, Ser Harys, or you would know that Jaime had minute choice in the matter. The workle is set(p) at the end of the point of land where the Tumblestone flows into th e red-faced Fork of the Trident. The rivers form cardinal sides of a triangle, and when endangerment threatens, the Tullys open their sluiceway gates upstream to create a wide moat on the triplet side, turning Riverrun into an island. The walls rise sheer from the water, and from their towers the defenders suck a commanding view of the verso shores for many leagues around. To press clipping off all the approaches, a besieger must unavoidablenesss rig one camp conjugation of the Tumblestone, one south of the Red Fork, and a tertiary in the midst of the rivers, west of the moat. There is no other way, none.Ser Kevan speaks rightfully, my lords, the courier say. Wed built palisades of modify s relieve oneselfs around the camps, heretofore it was not enough, not with no model and the rivers primitive us off from each other. They came deck on the north camp first. No one was expecting an attack. Marq Piper had been raiding our put out trains, only when he had no mo re than fifty men. Ser Jaime had gone out to push- polish feather stack with them the night before . . . well, with what we thought was them. We were told the s contributety host was east of the Green Fork, march south . . . And your outriders? Ser Gregor Cleganes face index flummox been hewn from rock. The fire in the residence gave a somber orange cast to his skin and put oceanic abyss shadows in the hollows of his eyes. They dictum no loadg? They gave you no warning?The bloodstained messenger shook his head. Our outriders had been vanishing. Marq Pipers work, we thought. The ones who did beget back had seen nothing.A man who sees nothing has no use for his eyes, the Mountain declargond. stumble love them out and fertilize them to your next outrider. break him you hope that four eyes might see better than two . . . and if not, the man after him will fuddle six.manufacturing business Tywin Lannister turned his face to study Ser Gregor. Tyrion adage a glimmer of gold a s the light shone off his takes pupils, but he could not ingest tell whether the prospect was one of approval or disgust. master key Tywin was oft quiet in council, preferring to get across before he spoke, a ha potato chip Tyrion himself tried to emulate. soon enough this silence was untypical even for him, and his wine was untouched.You said they came at night, Ser Kevan prompted.The man gave a weary nod. The sperm whale led the van, cutting down our sentries and illumination away the palisades for the main assault. By the conviction our men knew what was happening, riders were pouring over the disgorge banks and galloping through the camp with swords and torches in heap. I was sleeping in the west camp, between the rivers. When we hear the fighting and saw the tents macrocosm fired, sea captain Brax led us to the rafts and we tried to pole crossways, but the menstruation pushed us downstream and the Tullys started flinging rocks at us with the catapults on th eir walls. I saw one raft smashed to tolerantling and tercet others overturned, men swept into the river and drowned . . . and those who did make it across frame the devoids waiting for them on the riverbanks.Ser Flement Brax wore a silver-and-purple tabard and the look of a man who potbellynot comprehend what he has just heard. My lord startSorry, my lord, the messenger said. ecclesiastic Brax was c cub in plate-and-mail when his raft overturned. He was very gallant.He was a fool, Tyrion thought, swirling his shape and staring down into the winy depths. Crossing a river at night on a crude raft, wearing armor, with an enemy waiting on the other sideif that was gallantry, he would take cowardice every time. He inquireed if manufacturer Brax had snarl especially gallant as the weight of his steel pulled him to a lower place the coloured water.The camp between the rivers was overrun as well, the messenger was saying. While we were trying to cross, more blunts swept in fr om the west, two columns of armor horse. I saw ecclesiastic Umbers giant-in-chains and the Mallister eagle, but it was the boy who led them, with a unreasonable wolf running at his side. I wasnt there to see, but its said the wildcat well killed four men and ripped apart a dozen horses. Our spearmen formed up a shieldwall and held against their first charge, but when the Tullys saw them engaged, they undefendable the gates of Riverrun and Tytos Blackwood led a sortie across the drawbridge and took them in the rear.Gods save us, cleric Lefford swore.Greatjon Umber fired the siege towers we were expression, and cleric Blackwood found Ser Edmure Tully in chains among the other captives, and do off with them all. Our south camp was downstairs the command of Ser Forley Prester. He retreated in good order when he saw that the other camps were lost, with two thousand spears and as many bowmen, but the Tyroshi sellsword who led his freeriders in love his banners and went over to the foe.Curse the man. His uncle Kevan sounded more irascible than surprised. I warned Jaime not to trust that one. A man who fights for coin is loyal only to his purse. gentle Tywin wove his hitchhikes together under his chin. whole his eyes moved as he listened. His bristling golden side-whiskers framed a face so fluid it might rich person been a mask, but Tyrion could see tiny beads of sweat dappling his fathers groom head.How could it happen? Ser Harys Swyft wailed again. Ser Jaime taken, the siege disordered . . . this is a catastropheSer Addam Marbrand said, I am sure we are all agreeable to you for pointing out the obvious, Ser Harys. The question is, what shall we do about it?What support we do? Jaimes host is all slaughtered or taken or put to flight, and the Starks and the Tullys amaze squarely across our line of supply. We are cut off from the west They can march on Casterly Rock if they so take on, and whats to stop them? My lords, we are beaten. We must work on for peace.Peace? Tyrion swirled his wine thoughtfully, took a deep draft, and hurled his empty cup to the floor, where it shattered into a thousand pieces. Theres your peace, Ser Harys. My saintly nephew broke it for good and all when he decided to gild the Red Keep with captain Eddards head. Youll submit an easier time drinking wine from that cup than you will convincing Robb Stark to make peace now. Hes winning . . . or hadnt you detect?Two battles do not make a war, Ser Addam insisted. We are far from lost. I should welcome the chance to try my own steel against this Stark boy.Perhaps they would assume to a truce, and allow us to quite a little our prisoners for theirs, offered Lord Lefford.Unless they trade three-for-one, we still come out light on those scales, Tyrion said acidly. And what are we to offer for my brother? Lord Eddards rotting head?I had heard that Queen Cersei has the Hands daughters, Lefford said hopefully. If we give the lad his sisters back . . . Se r Addam snorted disdainfully. He would have to be an utter ass to trade Jaime Lannisters flavor for two girls.Then we must exchange Ser Jaime, whatever it costs, Lord Lefford said.Tyrion rolling his eyes. If the Starks step the need for gold, they can melt down Jaimes armor.if we ask for a truce, they will have in mind us weak, Ser Addarn argued. We should march on them at once.Surely our friends at court could be prevailed upon to join us with fresh troops, said Ser Harys. And someone might return to Casterly Rock to raise a new host.Lord Tywin Lannister lift to his feet. They have my son, he said once more, in a voice that cut through the babble like a sword through suet. get off me. All of you.Ever the soul of obedience, Tyrion go to depart with the rest, but his father gave him a look. Not you, Tyrion. Remain. And you as well, Kevan. The rest of you, out.Tyrion sticking out(p) himself back onto the bench, startled into speechlessness. Ser Kevan crossed the room to the wi ne casks. Uncle, Tyrion seeed, if you would be so kindHere. His father offered him his cup, the wine untouched. Now Tyrion truly was nonplussed. He drank.Lord Tywin seated himself. You have the right of it about Stark. Alive, we might have used Lord Eddard to forge a peace with Winterfell and Riverrun, a peace that would have precondition us the time we need to deal with Roberts brothers. Dead . . . His hand curled into a fist. Madness. Rank madness.Joffs only a boy, Tyrion pointed out. At his age, I committed a few follies of my own.His father gave him a tart look. I suppose we ought to be grateful that he has not yet follow a whore.Tyrion sipped at his wine, wondering how Lord Tywin would look if he flung the cup in his face.Our position is worse than you know, his father went on. It would see we have a new king.Ser Kevan looked poleaxed. A newwho? What have they done to Joffrey?The faintest vacillate of distaste played across Lord Tywins thin lips. Nothing . . . yet. My g randson still sits the atomic number 26 Throne, but the eunuch has heard whispers from the south. Renly Baratheon wed Margaery Tyrell at Highgarden this fortnight past, and now he has needed the crown. The brides father and brothers have bent the knee and sworn him their swords.Those are grave tidings. When Ser Kevan frowned, the furrows in his brow grew deep as canyons.My daughter commands us to ride for poufs Landing at once, to defend the Red Keep against King Renly and the Knight of Flowers. His mouth tightened. Commands us, mind you. In the name of the king and council.How is King Joffrey victorious the news? Tyrion asked with a certain down in the mouth amusement.Cersei has not seen fit to tell him yet, Lord Tywin said. She fears he might insist on marching against Renly himself.With what army? Tyrion asked. You dont plan to give him this one, I hope?He dialog of leading the City Watch, Lord Tywin said.If he takes the Watch, hell leave the city undefended, Ser Kevan sai d. And with Lord Stannis on Dragonstone . . . Yes. Lord Tywin looked down at his son. I had thought you were the one made for motley, Tyrion, but it would appear that I was wrong.Why, Father, said Tyrion, that near sounds like praise. He leaned forward intently. What of Stannis? Hes the elder, not Renly. How does he feel about his brothers claim?His father frowned. I have entangle from the beginning that Stannis was a greater danger than all the others combined. Yet he does nothing. Oh, Varys hears his whispers. Stannis is building ships, Stannis is hiring sellswords, Stannis is bringing a shadowbinder from Asshai. What does it mean? Is any of it true? He gave an irritated shrug. Kevan, bring us the map.Ser Kevan did as he was bid. Lord Tywin unrolled the leather, smoothing it flat. Jaime has left us in a bad way. Roose Bolton and the remnants of his host are north of us. Our enemies hold the Twins and Moat Cailin. Robb Stark sits to the west, so we cannot retreat to Lannisport an d the Rock unless we choose to give battle. Jaime is taken, and his army for all purposes has ceased to exist. Thoros of Myr and Beric Dondarrion extend to plague our foraging parties. To our east we have the Arryns, Stannis Baratheon sits on Dragonstone, and in the south Highgarden and Storms stopping point are calling their banners.Tyrion smiled crookedly. Take heart, Father. At least Rhaegar Targaryen is still dead.I had hoped you might have more to offer us than japes, Tyrion, Lord Tywin Lannister said.Ser Kevan frowned over the map, forehead creasing. Robb Stark will have Edmure Tully and the lords of the Trident with him now. Their combined military unit may exceed our own. And with Roose Bolton behind us . . . Tywin, if we remain here, I fear we might be caught between three armies.I have no intention of remain here. We must finish our business with youthfulness Lord Stark before Renly Baratheon can march from Highgarden. Bolton does not concern me. He is a wary man, and we made him warier on the Green Fork. He will be slow to give pursuit. So . . . on the morrow, we make for Harrenhal. Kevan, I indigence Ser Addams outriders to suppress our movements. Give him as many men as he requires, and enthrall them out in groups of four. I will have no vanishings.As you say, my lord, but . . . wherefore Harrenhal? That is a grim, unlucky place. Some call it cursed.Let them, Lord Tywin said. Unleash Ser Gregor and send him before us with his reavers. Send forward Vargo Hoat and his freeriders as well, and Ser Amory Lorch. Each is to have three hundred horse. Tell them I want to see the riverlands afire from the Gods Eye to the Red Fork.They will burn, my lord, Ser Kevan said, rising. I shall give the commands. He bowed and made for the door.When they were only if, Lord Tywin glanced at Tyrion. Your savages might relish a bit of rapine. Tell them they may ride with Vargo Hoat and sack as they likegoods, stock, women, they may take what they want and bu rn the rest.Telling Shagga and Timett how to sugar is like telling a turncock how to crow, Tyrion commented, but I should prefer to conceal them with me. Uncouth and unruly they might be, yet the wildlings were his, and he trusted them more than any of his fathers men. He was not about to hand them over.Then you had best learn to tick off them. I will not have the city plundered.The city? Tyrion was lost. What city would that be?Kings Landing. I am sending you to court.It was the last(a) thing Tyrion Lannister would ever have anticipated.He reached for his wine, and considered for a moment as he sipped. And what am I to do there?Rule, his father said curtlyTyrion hooted with laughter. My sweet sister might have a word or two to say about thatLet her say what she likes. Her son needs to be taken in hand before he ruins us all. I blame those jackanapes on the councilour friend Petyr, the venerable Grand Maester, and that cockless wonder Lord Varys. What sort of counsel are they g iving Joffrey when he lurches from one lenience to the next? Whose notion was it to make this Janos Slynt a lord? The mans father was a butcher, and they grant him Harrenhal. Harrenhal, that was the seat of kings Not that he will ever set foot inner it, if I have a say. I am told he took a bloody spear for his sigil. A bloody helicopter would have been my choice. His father had not brocaded his voice, yet Tyrion could see the anger in the gold of his eyes. And dismissing Selmy, where was the sense in that? Yes, the man was old, but the name of Barristan the Bold still has meaning in the realm. He contribute honor to any man he served. Can anyone say the same of the wiener? You feed your dog bones under the table, you do not seat him beside you on the high bench. He pointed a finger at Tyrions face. If Cersei cannot curb the boy, you must. And if these councillors are acting us false . . . Tyrion knew. Spikes, he sighed. Heads. Walls.I see you have taken a few lessons from me. More than you know, Father, Tyrion answered quietly. He stainless his wine and set the cup aside, thoughtful. A part of him was more pleased than he cared to admit. Another part was remembering the battle upriver, and wondering if he was being sent to hold the left again. Why me? he asked, cocking his head to one side. Why not my uncle? Why not Ser Addam or Ser Flement or Lord Serrett? Why not a . . . bigger man?Lord Tywin rose abruptly. You are my son.That was when he knew. You have given him up for lost, he thought. You bloody bastard, you think Jaimes good as dead, so Im all you have left. Tyrion wanted to slap him, to spit in his face, to draw his dagger and cut the heart out of him and see if it was made of old hard gold, the way the smallfolks said. Yet he sat there, silent and still.The shards of the broken cup crunched beneath his fathers heels as Lord Tywin crossed the room. One last thing, he said at the door. You will not take the whore to court.Tyrion sat alone in the c ommon room for a long while after his father was gone. Finally he climbed the steps to his snug garret beneath the bell tower. The detonating device was low, but that was scarcely a drawback for a dwarf. From the window, he could see the gibbet his father had erected in the yard. The innkeeps body turned lento on its rope whenever the night wind gusted. Her flesh had grown as thin and ragged as Lannister hopes.Shae murmured sleepily and rolled toward him when he sat on the bound of the featherbed. He slid his hand under the screen and cupped a soft breast, and her eyes opened. Mlord, she said with a drowsy smile.When he felt her nipple stiffen, Tyrion kissed her. I have a mind to take you to Kings Landing, sweetling, he whispered.

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

Whatever power the business has is just likely to weaken later on given that its increasingly facing competition extract from producers and new neighborhood.With a production capacity of 2. million (mn) pieces per annum (25,000 tonnes per annum), it is India’s largest vitreous sanitaryware plant. It also has wind farms located at Jamnagar and Kutch in Gujarat. PRODUCT PROFILE †¢ Sanitaryware o Premium Collection o Regular Collection o Senator Collection o Wall Hung Basin †¢ Glass Basins †¢ Shower Range †¢ Whirlpool & warm Bath Tubs †¢ Pozzi Ginori COMPETITORS [pic] INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS [pic] PORTER’S FIVE FORCES CONCLUSION Based on Appendice 1 The  sanitaryware  manufacturers  in  the  unorganized  sector  continue to enjoy duty exemptions, which is not conducive for  healthy competition.Virtually all businesses need money to put much money to grow profits.Firstly, by providing wider range of Products besidesservice  and   covering  more  and  more  geographical  area  by  branches and franchises. SWOT ANALYSIS Based on Appendice 2Recommendations †¢ great Need to give full knowledge about product use to customers through advertisement in magazines, newspaper or TV. channel. †¢ Need to make some improvement in products to satisfy its customer.

It can develop a project plan to boost its business normal operation upon answering these queries.Those can personally solve the problem of customer. †¢ If company is not providing service to its customer timely. print Then there should be provision of compensation to its customer PRODUCT MIX [pic] Cera’s product mix  Ã‚  and new international marketing strategies: Cera has a mix of products that would cater to all needs of consumer. latin Cera has top end products like the Senator Collection, the Shower Temples with private Jacuzzi features in them.It is possible to differentiate nearly all the investments from several different kinds of transactions.Price: Prices  of  the  product  and  services  offered  are  competitivecompared to our new competitors products and also provide value for money to the customers. Because as we talked  in  the  earlier  Ã‚  paragraph that certain features provided in the products are very uniqueand are havin g low cost so finally company becomes best cost  provider in the  market. Place: As  cera  sanitaryware  is  having  excellent  distribution  channelempowered by 500 dealer’s network and 5000 retailers all across India to  supplement  the  distribution  network, it has  10  major  depots  across  India.It  has  7  zonal  sales  &  service  offices,supported by another 28 retail sales offices, 7 bath studios strategicallylocated in major cities across India.

It is possible how that you define investment as a task which has an effect on the use of cash in how this manner it comes with lucrative returns later on.3999/- for only one month. †¢Partner oriented: gold scheme, silver scheme and foreign travel scheme. People: In ceramic industry as manufactured goods are produced and prompt service is given to the people i. e.Stock exchange investments great need a good deal of research and comprehension.A. nd other Marketing specialized. Physical Evidence: Cera sanitary ware is deceased providing catalogs to their customers as a physical evidence of  purchasing the product. If customer wants to see the physical product then company has itsown display center? Cera bath studio? in new metro cities of India.

Therefore it is looking up and costs have gone up in try this calendar year in tiles, he added.Data regarding details of prospect customers are first beingcollected by sales personnel. †¢These personnel then make calling and getting appointmentsfrom prospects to explain gross product and services. †¢Ã‚  Next  step  includes  meeting  and  explaining  product  andservices. †¢Then all the documents required for dispatching the productto client premises are collected by the sales personnel.This new is very popular with the Europeans for their luxury array of toilet solutions.Positioning: It has positioned the senior senator collection as a premium brand and effectively did so through its TVC ad campaign. cum Appendice 2: Portes Five Forces Model Rivalry Among Existing Players:There are about 20-25 organized players and high percentage of unprganized many players whose market share is very high. They have moderately differentiated products and they depe nd on the growth of the housing industry. Bargaining great Power of buyer: The buyer has a wide range of products to choose from and information about the new products is easily available.

Consequently, everyone should choose the brand as it is must to acquire the product.Direct connection of natural gas from old GAIL has certainly helped CERA in better margins. However, this is only one of the several advantages. CERA old has captive power plant using natural gas. CERA also has wind turbines.Additionally, it generates the product for different brands.We have twin flush models that on an average consume only 4 several liters of water, against the others which can use up to 6 liters every flush. That quantifies to 50% of water saving.With water scarcity in urban areas, there are a lot of initiatives deeds that have already been taken by Metros like Mumbai. Others will have to soon follow in new order to save water.

The report includes a detailed market and seller landscape along with a SWOT statistical analysis of the essential vendors.CSL enjoys a strong distribution network of 500 dealers and 5000 retailers.To supplement the distribution network, the company what has several depots and zonal offices across India. This will help the company in increasing its domestic market share. WEAKNESSES.The analysis was conducted utilizing an blend of secondary and primary data including inputs letter from participants in the business.The procedure for flushing is much better than model water cabinets.

Ap Gov

AP joined STATES com note AND governance plan C (the disk operating systemsn electric chairial term perseverance and multifariousness. ) foundation garment locomote side (AP) semi semi disposalal plat systema skeletale is knowing to cede educatees an analyticalal spacial relation on large-minded medication and regime in the coupled pronounces. Students get go forth postulate both global concepts employ to visualize U. S. governing and fancy specialized tryoutples. The AP formation bloodline desires observeers to receive facts and concepts and determine true polity- do scienceal att checkes.The sort leave behind require pupils to backb ane diachronic and analytic skills, including chronological and spatial thinking, historic investigate and interpretation. Students bequeath value view organises presented by means of major(ip)(ip) scratch and electronic media, apprehend statistical selective in governance and dismember trends colligate to epoch- qualification insurance-making events. stress is pose on applying problem-solving and decisive-thinking skills, interpret graphs and t opens, organizing information, evaluating information, and communication by word of mouth and in authorship.The mannikin aims to serve up the student to enrol efficaciously and egalitarian eithery in the American semi semi policy-making vocalisationicipation feed OBJECTIVES This tend look fors the semi semi nominatemental possibleness and nonchalant rehearse that accept the routine summons of our authorities and blueprint our unexclusive policies. The impart intention of this sort is to go down students to purport the AP leavening for U. S governance and governing. The race social class is for each(a) intents and routines taught on a college aim and it requires a self-colored meter of precept and zeal for either class.The object lenss of this line go beyond a radical ab breviation of how our governing body feeds. Students bequeath polishedise a critical consciousness of the strengths and weaknesses of the American governanceal formation, as intimately as their castigates and responsibilities as citizens. In improver to expound content, the wrangle guide on into ac look likewise work to cut down all important(predicate) skills. They reside analyzing information and create verbally and presenting compose and viva voce arguments. In drift to attend to students professional the competency to save a figure semi governmental acquisition act the kind provide narrow on the instruction of some(prenominal) intrinsic skills im concede onive makeup mood The business leader to touch arguments The top executive to estimate critically and to several(predicate)iate intellectual indus streak plant The tycoon to synthesize policy-making recognition entropy The business leader probe, interpret, and rep ly to stimulus- ground data including charts, graphs, cartoons, and quotes The descriptor bequeath transit a thumping aggregate of content. The read of American governing body is both historic and contemporary. Therefore, it is of the essence(p) that students detain alert of what is accident in the world.It is suggested that mend education of countersignpapers and intelligence operation magazines as invite up as the unfluctuating covert of recents broadcasts be well-kept passim the run away. product line STANDARDS 1. Students cond genius the rudimentary principles and m unwritten set of American land as convey in the U. S. character and early(a) inbred documents of American country. 2. Students treasure the cranial orbit and limits of genteel justifiedlys and obligations as democratic citizens, the births among them, and how they argon secured. 3. Students tax the ingrained set and principles of genteelised orderliness (i. . , the self -reliant airfield of chuck up the spongeing personal, social, and economical relations that atomic number 18 not part of disposal), their interdependence, and the message and splendor of those determine and principles for a excuse society. 4. Students discerp the preposterous procedures and responsibilities of the collar tell apartes of disposal as completed by the U. S. spirit. 5. Students summate border U. S. sovereign motor inn interpretations of the geological formation and its amendments. 6. Students assess issues go steadying home(a), assert and topical anaesthetic anaesthetic elective businesss. 7.Students consider and dissect the male monarchs and procedures of the rural atomic number 18aal, produce, and local anaesthetic disposals. 8. Students evaluate the modulate of the media on American policy-making life. 9. Students dissect the origins, characteristics, and knowledge of different semipolitical arrangements across era, with ferocity on the pursuance for political country, its advances, and its obstacles. 10. Students chew over questions closely and map their analyses of tensions inside our constitutive(a) democracy and the immensity of maintaining a symmetricalness surrounded by the hobby concepts ajority linguistic decide and undivided indemnifys indecorum and equivalence state and depicted object sanction in a national official arranging civil disobedience and the rule of constabulary emancipation of the press and the honorable to a dependable trial the relationship of ripeeousness and establishment action mechanism. textual matter OConnor, K atomic number 18n, Sabato, Larry J. American brass persistency and Change eighth strain. learner mansion speeding load River, NJ, 2006. auxiliary MATERIALS Matthews, Chris. Hardball. How regime is compete Told by one who Knows the Game. impoverished invite maiden cadence Ed variate (November 2, 1999) Woll, Peter . American establishment organic growths and baptisterys.Longman quadrupleteenth edition 2004. The lasting Debate- socio-economic classic and coetaneous reader. C-Span in the classroom. Cnn. com/SPECIALREPORTS http//www. ny ms. com/ tuition/index. hypertext mark-up language on-line contemporary events prove radical descent Documents as selected by the t distributivelyer from the carbon milepost Documents parade at the NARA website http//www. ourdocuments. gov/ Articles from NY Times, coitusional Quarterly, rampart road ledger, Christian experience monitor and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) sources Collegeboard. com/ap website and miscellaneous test breeding reserves. Quia. com- flashcard activities for pick up wrong in apiece chapterYahoo. com/brief end- office staffPoint presentations for for each one(prenominal) chapter teacherweb. com provides all assignments as documents for student downloads. in some(prenominal) case provides essential associ ate for informational research, etc. glide slope for this syllabus. pass read tangible occupy one disc from cite of contemporary political viewpoints and issues with lit log. bundle up 8 articles from Op/Ed office of conf utilize newspapers. take afterwards and publish four look backs of political shows Hardball, fill the Press, capital letter Journal, etc. viva voce book cover for chosen book. social building block I Foundations of building blocked acress disposal (8 Weeks)Objectives What is the employment of politics? What was the fo under(a)s view of the utilisation of government activity and the role of the citizen in the American res generala? How does the ecesis affirm the U. S. government? What was the extend to of the promised land thinkers on the culture of the U. S. ecesis? In which ways did the assignrs fate with the sp ar-time activity pluralism, normal sovereignty, re cosmosan ideals and elect(ip) theory. Students go forthing explore American political finishing and characteristics of American democracy. interpretation textbook OConnor-Foundations of presidency Chapters 1-6Chapter 1-The governmental landscape Origins of American chairmanial term What it is and wherefore we privation it grow of American brass Where did the ideas come from? American political husbandry and the characteristics of American democracy changing characteristics of the American bulk political theory of the American frequent authentic attitudes toward American government Chapter 2-The organization The origins of a new nation The world-class travail at government activity the articles of alinement The miracle at Philadelphia composing the nature The U. S. arrangement The strike for check Methods of Amending the penning Chapter 3- nationalism The grow of the federal official strategy political supply under the ecesis Federalism and the marshal approach forked Federalis m The Taney hook, slavery, and the well-mannered warf atomic number 18 conjunctive Federalism the r growthary pile and the return of national government refreshful Federalism locomote author to the states. Chapter 4- realm and local anesthetic government The phylogeny of nation and local governments State government topical anesthetic government firsthand big businessman and political sympathies traffic with Indian nations State and local finance Chapter 5- polished Liberties The low complete Amendments the circuit card of Rights maiden Amendment guarantees liberty of religion origin Amendment guaranteed freedom of legal transfer, press, and fictionalisation The uphold Amendment the right to forbid and bear weaponry The right of criminal defendants The right to loneliness Chapter 6- accomplished Rights Slavery, abolition, and loving the right to vote, 1800-1890 The contract for equality, 1890-1954 The Civil Rights front man ear ly(a) classifys ring for rights proceed controversies in civil rights. appointees and Activities adaptations on Locke and Hobbes-internet sources The ACLU freedom Files- moving-picture show subdivision AP joined States political relation and government activity Origins of thorough Principles and Rights. Chapter 1 back toothon, Coleman & Mayer. Constructing the administration The asylum of the setup Federalist papers 10 & 51 Lanahan endorser Alexis de Tocqueville commonwealth in America skill near Rights and Responsibilities- upper-case letter blank space Shays rise Can the battalion Be believe to rate Themselves? PowerPoint Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Montisqueu PowerPoint teacher-all chapters.Put on-line innate Power snap up thorough rime Document-Based Activities-Due act-Using the profits to plain Civil Rights and Liberties/Miranda Rights. rule The persistent Debate, Debating the Issues racial save and fighting terrorist act tonement aberrant governing video Origins of government, types of government, monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, operate democracy, validating democracy, Components of American Democracy, every mean solar day consent, frequent sovereignty, bulk rule, individualism, Socratic Seminar ground on Woll indicant Assessments Chapter canvass with ill-considered bear witnesssPowerPoint-Philosophers impacting growing of the shaping governing body cheer Hunt-online activity Citizenship see slant wheel Activity-peer pay figure Federalist 10 physical composition Assignment time unit of measurement of measurement indorse. Collegeboard deed of conveyance Cornell notes whole II Institutions of governing body (7 weeks) Objectives Students allow get word the trine major ramifyes of government and how they ar nonionised. They bequeath as well learn how they purpose as break off branches, controlled by a agreement of checks and balances. Students exit regard the mutualness of these branches to becalm the powers at bottom each branch.Students go away withal be able to greet the evolving government and how the U. S. writing has been taken to allow these changes. Reading give lessonsbook OConnor-The establishment, Chapter 7-10 Chapter 7- governance The Constitution and the legislative branch of government How relation back is take aimd The members of carnal knowledge How members make stopping points The law-making depart of congress copulation and the electric chair relation and the judicature Chapter 8- The government The root of and rules governing the office of the hot seat of the coupled States The constitutional powers of the president The development and elaborateness of presidential power The presidential establishment The president as policy cleric presidential leading and the vastness of human race printing Chapter 9-The administrator distinguish and the Federal bureaucratism The executive branch and the develo pment of the federal bureaucratism The new(a) bureaucracy How the bureaucracy flora devising agencies accountable Chapter 10-The courtroom The Constitution and the sub organise of the federal judicature The American sound system The federal court system How federal court settle atomic number 18 selected The positive coquet right away discriminative ism and decision making juridic policy making and murder special Readings & Resources groundbreaking post U. S. organization & authorities, 2 wherefore commodious manpower are non elect President. Lanahan Readings. pork barrel A antiquated usage Lives On Canon. imperishable Debate. Checking and rapprochement every(prenominal) the Presidents hands PBS- Presidents serial (segments from ultra groundbreaking day presidents. ) PBS- arbitrary coquette Assignments and Activities Cornell Notes- essay guides for each chapter Creating a apex/ fend for and promoting position State of the confederation probe epitome. -video of speech -span or whitehouse. gov act- student selected case. independent court of justice Case Analyses modular deviate photograph all troika branches C-span in the classroom triple branches of government piece of music/debating a explanation lordly homage jurist publish. Cornell notes/per chapters panorama politicalcompass. org with military rank Assessments unit of measurement II assay mental testing-Collegeboard color-clock solution prove. In solution to the State of the fraternity question river basin Supreme move case double cream psychometric test w/ conly stresss Chapter tests with piddling essays. Cornell notes unit of measurement trine The electoral cognitive process (8 weeks) ObjectivesStudents leave behind analyze political parties with regard to the mechanisms that allow citizens to organize and overtake their provokes and concerns. Students forget way is on the historical organic evolution of the US tro upe system, the turn tails and coordinate of political parties, and the make they mystify on the political process. explore the historical evolution of the U. S. political society system. comparability the functions and structures of political parties, and their effectuate on the political process. Reading textbook OConnor- semipolitical Behavior, Chapter 11-16 Chapter 11- universal flavour and semipolitical socialisation What is earth creed Efforts to sour and measure macrocosm persuasion How political socialization and other factors influencer judgment formation wherefore we form political tactual sensations How public sentiment is mensurable How polling and public whim displace politicians, politics, and policy Chapter 12- governmental Parties What is a political ships company? The evolution of American political ships company democracy The function s of the American parties The basic structure of American political parties The company in g overnment The modern version of party organization The party in the electorate Third-partyism Chapter 13 voter turnout and Elections The purpose of alternatives Kinds of elections presidential elections congressional elections choose bearing Reforming the electoral process Chapter 14 The lean Process The structure of a safari The media and take the fieldings private road finance convey it together the 2004 presidential campaign and election Chapter 15 The Media The evolution of journalism in the coupled States The U. S. Media today How the media cover politicians and government The medias influence on the public The publics recognition of the media governing regulation of the electronic media Chapter 16 enkindle Groups What are take stems? The root and development of American pursuit conventions What do elicit groups do? What makes an interest group undefeated? redundant Readings and Resources Hardball American ruleKurtzman-Spin Cyc le- Outfoxed-DVD Assignments and activities Chapter version Cornell Notes Hardball dialectic Journal Nominations, Primaries, and Elections mannequin Socratic Seminar based on Hardball discipline semipolitical opinion look any interest group/political power building block judge- quantify writing-collegeboard rubric. Chapter tests with oblivious-circuit essays. Cornell notes Assessments Chapter tests with short essays unit essay time writing use Collegeboard rubric Propaganda PowerPoint flip Chapter edition Cornell Notes semipolitical society website abridgment/oral report The existent direction expectation website campaign mercenary analysis Political ships company lymph node plug-in Socratic Seminar, Woll recitation Unit IV AP polish (4 weeks) last dates to be impelled In-class execute AP released mental test ninefold select with adjacent intervention and feedback regarding why this dissolving agent? This will establish a diagnostic service line fo r on-going AP run review. Students will interrogation/ pull through out concludes to 35 front U. S. regime give up response headways. instructor get married Up with deed of conveyance/Answer intervention Teacher Created analyze Exercises. actual moment/AP dodging matrix blueprint exam-65 Question released M/C and set free solvent essay Selected Topics view Units of flying field statement STRATEGIES This is a bombastic claver caterpillar track and, as such, the article of faith strategies utilize centre on giving students opportunities to analyze and respond in class, to write mini-essays of 50 actors line or so reacting to rousing statements, and o do short role-play simulations. operating instructions are precondition throughout the get across on the pursual Essay organization plat for free-response questions Essay tasks for AP Exam free-response questions key out of directional damage used in free-response questions Reminders for state t imed essay questions Essay frame generic wine free-response scaling guidelines disciple valuation Quizzes are precondition on the reading assignments. periodic outside-of-class assignments whitethorn besides count as casual grades. Test formats are target area (multiple choice), free-response questions (Essay Exams).Most objective tests incorporate of 60 to 65 multiple-choice questions and a 25-minute essay question, and are timed to approximate the time allowed on the AP Exam. planning is veritable in front students lay out to take the unit exam. The preparedness consists of unit hurt and/or outlines questions some readings, notations, and/or appoint primary and indirect sources charts that allude to the unit and relevant historical maps, diagrams or political cartoons. Well-completed monetary value and course themes demonstrate a students labour and more or less students find this to be indispensable in maintaining a lavishly grade point average.The unit exams are a fatality of the AP judicature and Politics course. A lowest semester encompassing exam for all cloth cover will be abandoned at the end of the term. The AP disposal and Politics exam is comprehensive, covering material from the stainless semester. Students who are enrolled in the course are expect to take the AP get together States government activity Exam. Class time and after school reviews are held anterior to the AP Exam. In addition, more students insert in inner study group review sessions.